【作者】 杨坤；

【导师】 李冬娜；

【作者基本信息】 海南大学 ， 生物化学与分子生物学， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 人类自身的起源分化一直以来就是人们所感兴趣的话题。随着生物学较为深入的认知和研究,计算机等各种技术的出现,以及各个学科的交叉应用,人们已经可以利用最新的技术手段来解决自身来源这一神圣的问题了。本研究主要目的是对海南岛上仡隆人群的母系遗传结构进行详细的分子人类学的分析,从分子水平初步探讨仡隆人群可能的族源问题。研究思路：主要通过分子人类学实验得到个体mtDNA高变区和编码区段的信息数据,综合参考东亚人群进化树,对个体进行单倍群的分型分类。利用一系列的分子人类学和生物信息学软件进行分析,详细探讨仡隆人群同其他族群的分子遗传结构的差异。方法上,首先对研究群体的mtDNA的HVS-I测序,检测突变信息。同时,我们也通过Snap-shot实验技术检测研究设计好的编码区多态位点信息(本研究共检测涉及了23个编码区的等位基因位点)。综合两个区段的检测信息结果,根据最新的Kivisild构建的东亚人群线粒体单倍群系统进化树(附图1)和简化的东亚人群系统进化树,对样本个体进行了单倍群分型。据单倍群数据结果,统计单倍群分别在研究的群体中的分布频率,结合之前其他族群的分子人类学数据(母系遗传结构),通过SPSS15.0软件计算主成份值,作出二维散点图,观察分析仡隆群体在东亚各个语系族群的分布格局。据相同特征单倍群下相关族群的所有个体高变区突变信息(也称Motifs),由NETWORK软件画网络结构图观察人群内部进化关系。对主成份散点分布以及内部进化关系分析结果出现的可能对仡隆群体都有亲代贡献作用的族群,做人群混合分析计算(Admixture),以探究祖先群体的遗传贡献比率问题。结果显示,仡隆人群mtDNA主要单倍群包括M*(20.91%), B (17.27%), F(13.64%)和R(13.64%)。主成分分析和网络结构分析结果：仡隆族群的的遗传结构与同属于卡岱语支内的仡佬族群关系最为相似。仡隆群体的遗传结构也受到汉族和黎族母系遗传成分的影响。母系群体亲代贡献指数分别为：仡佬族0.376+/-0.015；南方汉族0.317+/-0.014,黎族0.307+/-0.014。结论：仡隆的主体人群应该来自仡佬族。这一结论与之前的仡隆父系遗传结构的研究结果具有一致的结论。更多还原

【Abstract】 The topic about origin and differentiation of people being is continuously interested for people.People can solve the problem with the latest technical means as deeper knowledge and research on biological, the appearance of technologies, such as computer, cross-application of the various disciplines.The main purpose of this study is the molecular anthropology analytics detailed of the maternal genetic structure of Gelong and investigate the origin of Gelong from the molecular level first time.Research ideas:we make a classification (also called haplogroups) on every people with the information of HVS-Ⅰregion and coding region of mtDNA which got from corresponding individual by experiment of molecular anthropology. Using a range of software about molecular anthropology and bioinformatic, we discussed about the differences of molecular genetic structure in detail between Gelong people and other ethnic groups related.In method,firstly we make a sequencing of the HVS-I of mtDNA. In the same time,we exzambled the information of sites (23 sites in this study) on the coding-regions with the Snap-shot technology. From that, we classed the indivilual to the haplogroup-type. Compositing the results on two section we detected, we classed every individual to a haplogroup according to the latest phylogenetic tree of mitochondrial haplogroup (Figure 1) for the East Asian populations constructed by Kivisild and a simplified phylogenetic tree of the East Asian population.According to the result of haplogroup,we maked a statistic on the frequency of distribution about the haplogroup.Using the software of SPSS15.0 we maked it a scatter distribution under two dimensional to analyze the distribution pattern of Gelong groups in all groups from the East Asian. We make networks to observe the relationship between every group related according to the information of HVS-I of every individual related under the same haplogroups special.We make an admixture calculation to analyze the ratio of contribution of parental which may make a role in contribution to Gelong group on network or PC analyze.The results of haplogroup of Gelong:M* (20.91%), B (17.27%), F (13.64%) and R (13.64%).The result of PC and network:the genetic structure of Gelong is similarrest to the Gelao which belong to the same lingual branch which called kadai.The genetic structure of Gelong is also influenced by Han Chinese and Hlai. Parental contribution index of the maternal inheritance:Gelao 0.376+/-0.015,Han Chinese 0.317+/-0.014,Hlai 0.307+/-0.014.Conclusion:the main crowd of Gelong group should be from the Gelao groups. The conclusions is consistent with the result of the paternal genetic structure early.更多还原