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铜铅锌硫化矿选矿废水中捕收剂降解及机理研究
【作者】 黄俊文；
【导师】 严群；
【作者基本信息】 江西理工大学 ， 环境工程， 2011， 硕士
【摘要】 浮选药剂是矿山废水中的主要污染成分,具有难降解、毒性大等特点,极大的威胁人类健康及对环境造成严重污染。研究浮选药剂的降解规律,分析浮选药剂的降解机理,为工业上寻求一种经济、高效地处理方法提供理论依据,对解决选矿废水的污染问题及保护矿山生态环境有着重要意义。本论文以丁基黄药、乙硫氮和LP-01三种常用的铜铅锌硫化矿捕收剂为研究对象,分析了以上三种捕收剂的分解特性,并探讨了次氯酸钠及Fenton试剂氧化法在不同反应条件下对三种捕收剂降解性能的影响。实验结果表明:采用次氯酸钠氧化法处理三种捕收剂取得了较好的效果。次氯酸钠氧化丁基黄药的最佳条件为:溶液初始pH=4,反应温度为20℃左右,次氯酸钠投加量为120mg·L-1,反应50min后,丁基黄药的去除率高达99.51%,COD的去除率为91.14%。次氯酸钠氧化乙硫氮的最佳反应条件:溶液初始pH值为4,次氯酸钠投加量为30mg·L-1,反应温度为室温,反应30min后乙硫氮的去除率高达99.78%,COD的去除率为94.75%。次氯酸钠氧化LP-01的最佳反应条件为:溶液初始pH值为6,次氯酸钠投加量为240mg·L-1,反应温度为室温,反应30min后LP-01的去除率高达99.87%,COD的去除率为90.69%。论文选用次氯酸钠氧化法处理实际选矿废水,在溶液初始pH=4,次氯酸钠用量为160 mg·L-1条件下,处理后废水的pH为6～7,COD的含量为90.71 mg·L-1,因此,次氯酸钠处理选矿废水中的有机浮选药剂有较好的效果。应用紫外光谱测试技术,研究了次氯酸钠氧化三种捕收剂的作用机理,通过三种捕收剂氧化前后特征吸收峰的变化,分析了三种捕收剂氧化前后的浓度变化,并推测了次氯酸钠氧化三种捕收剂的最终产物。研究表明,采用次氯酸钠氧化法能有效去除丁基黄药、乙硫氮和LP-01等浮选药剂,使难降解有机物转化为CO2、H2O等小分子物质,降低了浮选药剂对环境的危害,解决了矿山废水的污染问题,为保护矿山生态环境提供了一条有效途径。
【Abstract】 The floation reagents is a major component of pollution in the mine wastewater, is characterized by difficult degradation, great toxicity and so on. It has great threate to human health and serious pollution the environment. Study the degradation law and analyse the degradation mechanism of the floation reagent, provide the theoretical basis for seek a kind of economic and efficient treatment for industry, all of them have important significance to solve the pollution problem of benefication wastewater and protect the mine ecological environment.The research object are common sulfide flotation collectors such as Butyl Xanthate, Sodium diethyldithiocarbamate and LP-01 in the paper. Analyse the degradation properties of sulfide flotation collectors, and discuss the influences of the degradation properties with different reaction conditions by sodium hypochlorite oxidation and Fenton reagent oxidation. The results show that the removal efficiency of three sulfide flotation collectors with sodium hypochlorite is very good. The optimum technological conditions of sodium hypochlorite treating Butyl Xanthate is the initial solution pH 4, the reaction temperature 20℃, the dosage of sodium hypochlorite 120 mg·L-1, the reaction time 50 min, under this condition, the removal rate of Butyl Xanthate and COD is up to 99.51% and 91.14% respectively. The optimum technological conditions of sodium hypochlorite treating sodium diethyldithiocarbamate is the initial solution pH 4, the dosage of sodium hypochlorite 30 mg·L-1, the reaction temperature is room temperature, the reaction time 30 min, under this condition, the removal rate of Butyl Xanthate and COD is up to 99.78% and 94.75% respectively. The optimum technological conditions of sodium hypochlorite treating LP-01 is the initial solution pH 6, the reaction temperature is room temperature, the dosage of sodium hypochlorite 240 mg·L-1, the reaction time 30 min, under this condition, the removal rate of LP-01 and COD is up to 99.87% and 90.69% respectively. Treatment of practical benefication wastewater by sodium hypochlorite in the paper, the technological conditions of sodium hypochlorite treating practical benefication wastewater is the initial solution pH 4, the dosage of sodium hypochlorite 160 mg·L-1, the soulution pH is 6～7, the residual COD is 90.71 mg·L-1 in solution. Therefore, treatment of the floation reagent in the benefication wastewater by sodium hypochlorite is very effective.The mechanism of sodium hypochlorite treating three kind of sulfide flotation collectors is studied by Ultraiolet radiation spectrum analysis. By the changes of characteristic absorption peaks of ulfide flotation collectors and after oxidized,analyse the concentration changing of the collectors before and after oxidized, and speculate on the final products that sodium hypochlorite oxidizing three kind of sulfide flotation collectors. The results show that sodium hypochlorite oxidation can remove the flotation reagent of Butyl xauthate, Sodium diethyldithiocarbamate and LP-01 effectively, and cause the difficult organic convert to small oraganic molecules substance as CO2 and H2O. Sodium hypochlorite oxidation has reduced environmental hazards caused by flotation reagents and solved the problem of mine drainage pollution. It has provided an effective way to protect the ecological environment .