【作者】 陈小银；

【导师】 林茂；

【作者基本信息】 国家海洋局第三海洋研究所 ， 海洋生物学， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 本文分析了2006-2007年“近海海洋综合调查与评价专项”(908专项)春夏秋冬四个航次的台湾海峡调查数据和1995-1997年“中日副热带环流”春夏秋冬四个航次的台湾东部海域调查数据,通过对水母类数量、物种数、优势种空间聚集特征等指标的分析,探讨了台湾海峡和台湾东部海域水母类种类多样性和数量分布。研究结果如下:1.台湾海峡春夏秋冬四个航次102个站位样品中,共鉴定出水母类189种:其中水螅水母121种(占水母类种类数64.02%)、管水母54种(占28.57%)、钵水母7种(占3.7%)、栉水母7种(占3.7%)。种类数夏季最高,春季次之,秋季最低;台湾海峡南部水母类种类数高于北部。台湾东部海域共鉴定水母类88种:其中管水母48种(占水母类种类数54.54%)、水螅水母35种(占39.77%)、钵水母2种(占2.27%)、栉水母3种(占3.41%)。种类数夏季最高,冬季次之,秋季最低,台湾东部海域水母类外海种类数高于近岸。2.台湾海峡水母类包括四个生态类群:近岸暖温、近岸暖水、大洋广布和大洋狭布。台湾东部海域水母类生态类群为近岸暖水、大洋广布、大洋狭布和大洋深水。3.综合四航次数据,台湾海峡水母类四季平均丰度12.65 ind*m-3,季节变化为夏季>春季>秋季>冬季,平面分布上近岸大于外海。各类群平均丰度和所占水母类总量比例:管水母类平均丰度7.76 ind*m-3,占水母类总量69.10%;水螅水母类平均丰度3.29 ind*m-3,占29.30%;栉水母平均丰度0.14 ind*m-3,占1.25%;钵水母平均丰度0.14 ind*m-3,占1.25%。台湾东部海域水母类四季平均丰度为0.81 ind*m-3,季节变化为夏季>冬季>春季>秋季,平面分布上南部高于北部,外海大于近岸。各类群平均丰度和所占水母类总量比例:管水母类平均丰度0.65 ind*m-3,占水母类总丰度80.24%,水螅水母类平均丰度0.16 ind*m-3,占19.57%;栉水母平均丰度0.0008 ind*m-3,占0.1%;钵水母平均丰度0.0006 ind*m-3,占0.08%。4.台湾海峡水母类优势种为管水母类的双生水母、拟细浅室水母和水螅水母类的半口壮丽水母和四叶小舌水母。优势种丰度占水母类总丰度80%。台湾东部海域水母类主要优势种分别为管水母类的小拟多面水母、扭歪爪室水母、巴斯水母、尖角水母、螺旋尖角水母、爪室水母、方拟多面水母、细浅室水母、拟双生水母以及水螅水母类的宽膜棍手水母和半口壮丽水母,优势种丰度占水母类总丰度82.22%。两海域优势种均有明显的季节消长。5.台湾海峡水母类多样性指数季节变化为春季(2.17)>冬季(1.96)>秋季(1.68)>夏季(1.52),平面分布上南部高于北部。多样性指数与种类数季节变化不同步,但二者具有显著同步变化的趋势;多样性指数与丰度季节变化差异明显,无显著线性相关。台湾东部海域多样性指数季节变化为夏季(3.59)>冬季(3.54)>春季(3.35)>秋季(2.95),多样性指数平面分布四季均表现出外海大于近岸的特征。多样性指数与种类数季节变化显著相关;多样性指数与丰度季节变化无显著相关。6.从水母类种类组成、数量分布、优势种、多样性指数以及生态类群等指标分析可见,台湾东部海域与台湾海峡相比,有更强的热带大洋海域属性。7.台湾海峡仔稚鱼与鱼卵四季丰度变化趋势均为春季>夏季>秋季>冬季,分析结果表明,与水母类丰度无明显相关关系,但在空间分布上鱼卵、仔稚鱼与水母有负相关趋势,体现了它们的直接摄食或食物竞争关系。更多还原

【Abstract】 Based on the data from the survey of 908 (2006-2007) in Taiwan Strait and the data from cooperation Survey of subtropical circulation between China and Janpan(1995-1997)in the waters off eastern Taiwan,using several statistical methods and ecology analysis tools,the species composition,temporal and spatial variation of abundance and biodiversity characteristic are described , and the effect of environmental factors on the Medusae community were discussed by analying diversity index.The brief results of this study are described as following:1. 189 Medusae species were identified in Taiwan Strait,in which ,121 are Hydrozoans,54 are Siphonophores,7 are Scyphozoans,and 7 are Ctenophore,including 20 new species and 4 new records in Taiwan strait. The seasonal variations of species in number follows the order of summer > spring> winter> autumn with the number105,104,91 and 84,higher species number occurred in the southern part of the strait. While 88 Medusae species were recorded in the waters off eastern Taiwan,including 48 Siphonophores,35 Hydrozoans,2 Scyphozoans and 3 Ctenophore. The seasonal variations of species in number follows the order of summer > winter> spring> autumn with the number71,50,48 and 34,higher species number occurred in offshore.2. Reference to the data before,according to distribution and the seasonal variation of abundance of Medusae and the adaptability of Medusae to the different habitat,the Medusae species in Taiwan strait were classified into four ecological groups: neritic warm-temperate,neritic warm-water,oceanic eurythermal warm-water and oceanic tropical species.Whihe the Medusae species in the waters off eastern Taiwan were classified into different four ecological groups: neritic warm-water,oceanic eurythermal warm-water,oceanic tropical and oceanic deep-water species.3. Four curise of Medusae abundance in Taiwan Strait exhibited obvious seasonal change with the mean abundance of 12.65 ind*m-3: high in the summer,followed by spring and autumn,low in winter. The horizontal distribution of abundance in nearshore was larger than in offshore.While the Medusae abundance in the waters off eastern Taiwan also showed an apparent seasonal change with the mean abundance of 0.81 ind*m-3,highest in summer and lowest in autumn. The different from result in the Taiwan Strait,the horizontal distribution of abundance in nearshore was smaller than in offshore.4. The most dominant species,together they contributed to 80% of the numerical total of Medusae in Taiwan Strait were Diphyes chamissoni and Lensia subtiloides(Siphonophorae) , Liriope tetraphylla and Aglaura hemistoma (Hydromedusae). While there are evlenve most dominant species of Medusae in the waters off eastern Taiwan with contributing to 82.22% of the numerical total of Medusae:Abylopsis eschscholtzi,Chelophyes contorta,Bassia bassensi,Eudoxoides mitra,Abyla tetragona,Eudoxoides spiralis,Chelophyes appendiculata Lensia subtilis and Diphyes bojani (Siphonophorae),Rhopalonema velatum and Aglaura hemistoma (Hydromedusae).The dominat species of Medusae exhibited apparent seasonal succession,and different dominant species showed different seasonal distribution patterns.5. The dynamics of Medusae diversity and the cause were analyzed. In Taiwan Strait the biodiversity showed that it was higher in south than north and was higher in spring(2.17) and winter(1.96) than in autumn(1.68) and summer(1.52). While it was higher offshore than nearshore and higher in in summer(3.59) and winter(3.54) than in spring(3.35) and autumn(2.95). They all found that the number of species was closely correlated with H′value,while the abundance was not correlated with it significantly. Moreover,the distribution of species diversity is associated with main environmental factor in Taiwan Strait such as water temperature and salinity,which are results of the seasonal changes of water system.6. Compared to the result in Taiwan Strait ,the species composition,temporal and spatial variation of abundance and biodiversity characteristic of Medusae in the waters off eastern Taiwan are all shown that they have more tropical oceanic properties. 7. Distribution and the seasonal variation of abundance of fish egg and larvaes are discussed. All of their abundance peaked in spring,and got the second highest in summer,and the lowest in winter,which is different from Medusae’s. The high abundance of fish egg and larvaes was mostly found at the edges of the concentrated region of Medusa,it showed that there was a negative correlationbetween fish egg and larvaes and Medusae in distribution pattern. This result not only reflects their predation and food competition,but also provide the scientific information to fisheries management.更多还原