【作者】 鲁利平；

【导师】 郭建平；

【作者基本信息】 湖南师范大学 ， 民族传统体育学， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 传统武术是我国宝贵的文化遗产,是一项特殊的体育运动。武术作为一种社会产物,会伴随着社会需要的改变而改变。有需要,才会有市场,才会有所发展。在历史发展过程中,传统武术是不断改革、完善、延续,并不断发展变化的,这也是传统武术发展至今的动力所在。中华武术文化,一定会成为世界体育文化的组成部分。但在现实中传统武术正处于一种困境之中,就像森林里迷了路一样,面临着-个“再出发”的问题。所以,这个时候,我们应该追问传统武术的“原点”,把握传统武术的根本。应该让每一个人重新认识武术、思考武术、理解武术的使命。梅山武术是一种具有民族性、地域性浓郁特征的传统体育运动。它不仅是梅山文化的重要组成部分,在湖南甚至是在全国都是具有代表性的传统体育项目,同时也是中国传统体育文化的组成部分。它不仅是一种民族传统体育项目,也是一种沉淀了千百年独特的地域文化。借助人类学有关理论的研究方法；通过跨学科的、跨文化的研究,多方面的对湖南梅山武术进行考察,树立大武术观,探索可以沟通武术、自然科学、社会科学及人文科学的新思路,为深入研究湖南梅山武术与人类的关系开拓一个新的领域。本文采用文献资料法、实地调查法和逻辑分析法,试从人类学的角度对湖南梅山武术的流变进行探讨与分析,运用多学科知识和方法对梅山武术进行全方位的审视,希望给传统武术这一领域的研究注入了新的活力,带来一股清新的空气,从而加强了对传统武术研究的整体性和纵深感。从人类学的大视野来看梅山武术的起源、生存、发展的宏观意义,去探索梅山武术运动的规律性；从而能更准确的把握住梅山武术的本质,使得梅山武术的根系深入到与之相关的人类与社会研究领域,并为传统武术在人类社会里寻找准确的定位奠定充分、深厚的基础。本文的研究包括以下四个基本部分：1、自然、社会与人-------回到原点的传统武术观察；2梅山尚武文化与梅山人类行为；3、现实梅山武术的发展形态及其人类学表达；4、人类学视野下的跨文化接融与梅山武术的发展。研究认为：梅山武术作为一种行为文化,身处这样的潮流之中,旧的思想崇拜解体、新的思想观点不断产生的时期,人们渐渐开始把长久以来压抑的理想与沉默发泄出来,在一浪接一浪的思想解放的感召下,人们开始醒悟过来,要求释放,要求发泄,渴求那一种生命的展望与辉煌。其中,不仅表现出一种强烈的人性解放的愿望,还表达了对民族文化的一种反思和批判。梅山武术全面走向世界具有两个层面的含义。第一层含义指我们要发掘、整理出梅山武术中竞技意味较强、竞赛规则较为完善的项目,并对之进行改造、提升,使之成为现代竞技运动的正式比赛项目,为丰富现代国际竞技体育项目作出贡献。第二层含义指,我们不必寻求走“竞技化道路”和“奥林匹克模式”的途径,我们在强调梅山武术传统项目的保健性、娱乐性、审美性、趣味性、精彩性的价值功能基础上,凸显我们特有的梅山民族文化风格与地域特色,彰显民族传统体育满足现代世界人们渴求宁静、和谐、康体、身心兼修、动静结合、人与自然协调发展的新型文化价值功能,有目的、有计划地将我国各种类型的传统体育活动推向国外、推向世界。为世界体育文化多样性的可持续发展做出贡献,使东西方体育在人类文化的共融发展中交相辉映,比翼齐飞。更多还原

【Abstract】 Traditional martial arts are our precious cultural heritage, is a special sport. Martial arts as a social product, will be accompanied by changes in the needs of society change. Necessary, will have a market, will be developed. In the course of historical development, the traditional martial arts is the continuous reform, improve, extend, and evolving, and this is the development of traditional martial arts since the driving force. Martial Arts, will become part of the world sports culture. But in reality the traditional martial arts is in a dilemma, as the forest got lost, faces a "re-start"problem. So, this time, we should ask the traditional martial arts, "origin", to grasp the root of traditional martial arts. Everyone should be allowed to re-understand martial arts, martial arts thinking, understanding the mission of martial arts. Mei Shanwu technique is a national character, strong regional characteristics of the traditional sports. It is not only an important part of Meishan culture in Hunan and even in the country are typical of traditional sports, traditional sports culture is also an integral part. It is not only a traditional national sport, also a precipitation of the unique local culture for thousands of years. With the theory of anthropological research methods; through cross-disciplinary, cross-cultural studies, many patients were investigated in Hunan Mei Shanwu, establish a large martial arts concept, exploring can communicate martial arts, natural sciences, social sciences and humanities new ideas, Hunan Mei Shanwu technique for studying the relationship of human to open up a new field.In this paper, literature data, field investigation and logical analysis, from an anthropological point of view try to Hunan Meishan Wu surgery to explore and analyze the flow, the use of multi-disciplinary knowledge and methods of operation of all-round look at Meishan Wu hoped that the traditional martial arts studies in this field has injected new vitality, bringing a breath of fresh air, thereby strengthening the integrity of the study of traditional martial arts and the feeling of depth. Great view from an anthropological point of view the origin of Meishan Wu surgery, survival and development of the macro sense, to explore the regularity of movement Meishan Wu surgery; so that it can more accurately grasp the essence of Meishan Wu surgery, making the Meishan Wu roots deep into the associated surgery associated human and social research, and traditional martial arts in human society in search of accurate positioning to lay the full, deep foundation.This study includes the following four basic components:1, nature, society and people back to the origin of the traditional martial arts-observation; 2 Meishan Meishan warrior culture and human behavior; 3, the reality of the development of form and technique Meishan Wu The Anthropology of expression; 4, cross-cultural Anthropology and Meishan Wu merge with the development of surgery.Studies suggest that:Meishan Wu surgery as a behavior, are in such a stream, worship the disintegration of the old thinking, the continuous generation of new ideas and views of the times, people gradually began to suppress the long silence of the ideal and let it out, in a Wave after wave of emancipation of the appeal, people began to wake up, demanding the release require vent, desire that the development of a life and glory. Which not only demonstrated a strong desire to liberate humanity, and expressed culture of reflection and criticism.Meishan Wu-round operation to the world with two levels of meaning. The first layer of meaning that we want to explore, sort out Meishan Wu surgery means a strong competitive, more comprehensive project contest rules, and of the transformation, upgrading, making the formal modern sport events, to enrich the modern international athletic sports to contribute. Second meaning that we do not seek to go, "Competition and the Road" and the "Olympic model" approach, we emphasize the health Meishan Wu traditional project operation, entertainment, aesthetics, fun and exciting on the basis of the value function, highlighting our unique style and regional characteristics of national culture, highlighting China’s national sports meet of the modern world people desire peace, harmony, sports, minor physical, static and dynamic combination of harmonious development between man and nature features a new cultural values, a purpose, China planned to push various types of traditional sports activities abroad, to the world. Sports and cultural diversity of the world contribute to sustainable development, the Eastern and Western Sports communion in the development of human culture each other, take off together.更多还原