追寻生命的黑潮

【作者】 彭听；

【导师】 杨梅；

【作者基本信息】 中央民族大学 ， 中国少数民族语言文学， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 台湾原住民文学从二十世纪八十年代兴起以来,经历了从“政治抗争”到“文化诉求”的阶段。随着原住民知识分子对族群／部落／文化生存现状、未来命运更清晰、深入的思考,“文化诉求”成了更根本的心声,落实到文学上,则在众多的散文、诗歌、小说作品当中,“回归原乡”成为日渐提及的主题并成为某些台湾原住民知识分子自觉选择的生活方式和生存方式,其背后隐含的是对于自身生活处境、族人关系、部落命运、传统文化的思索。“原乡”作品是对主流／强势文化的一种挑战,蕴藉了台湾原住民知识分子同族群、传统文化难以割舍的情感联系及自身的文化省思,为我们呈现了一个有血有肉的原住民族山海世界。达悟族作家夏曼·蓝波安的小说《黑色的翅膀》可为其中的代表作之一。夏曼·蓝波安本身是一个坚定的回归原乡知识分子,被誉为“唯一通过‘身体仪式’的人”,他的作品里蓄满自身的生命体验与文化思索,《黑色的翅膀》是夏曼·蓝波安第一部长篇小说,也是台湾原住民文学第一部长篇小说,通过四个达悟少年在成长历程中欲望与精神的搏斗,打造了一个文字的“原乡”,显示其宏大的创作意愿。在夏曼·蓝波安个人的写作生涯中,《黑色的翅膀》处于一个转折的据点,既延续其一贯的传统与现代、寻找与回归的写作主题,并试图为这些问题划上句号。而文本内外流露的伤痛与迷惘——对自身游走于“传统与现代”夹缝之间写作的“边缘位置”的抗拒与逃避——为其往后作品的转变与深化提供可供思考和参照的立足点。而对于整个原住民文学而言,《黑色的翅膀》显示出夏曼·蓝波安构筑情感与文化原乡的执着与理想情怀,其“原乡”书写的尝试代表了对主流／强势文化的一种挑战,显示了作家对族群命运、族群文化更深层的思索与关怀。探究这部小说的得失成败之处,不仅可视为夏曼本身创作的一个反思点,更是对整个台湾原住民族“原乡”文学创作与意义的一种辩证性观照。论文绪论部分对台湾原住民文学做一番爬梳,将夏曼·蓝波安的创作放到原住民文学整体的框架下进行观照,并在其文学创作脉络中对比出《黑色的翅膀》的特殊位置以及论文研究的意义。第一章和第二章着眼于文本解析,分别从精神／欲望、梦想／现实两方面进行探讨。小说中除了成长故事主线之外,文本还存在另一隐形结构。第一章对组成隐形结构的三个部分进行解读,体认出其间所贯穿的“黑色翅膀”所代表的飞鱼／达悟文化的传承,从而引出后面的讨论。第二章主要围绕四个达悟少年成长中梦想与现实的纠缠,以自我对他者的凝视对“白色胴体”的隐喻层面进行分析,进而论述文本中“黑／白”对立的生成机制以及作者如何对之进行逆写。作者以成长后梦想的实现使得童年与原乡形成同构关系,为“寻找与回归”主题过早划上句号。第三章探讨作者文本内外的焦虑感,分析其如何对文本进行解构。认为其自我写作位置的模糊是造成《黑色的翅膀》“原乡想象”不可能的重要因素,而当夏曼·蓝波安反思其写作时的“自我困境”以后,其关注“边缘人”的视角使他的创作有了新的生命与深度。其后辩证地思考“原乡书写”的意义：虽然“原乡”不再存在,“原乡”的写作也充满了种种裂隙,但作家不屈的斗争终令我们敬佩。结语部分总结全篇论文的主旨。更多还原

【Abstract】 The literature of Taiwan aborigines was initially in 1980s and has come through the transition from "political opposition" to "cultural root". As the aboriginal intellectuals’ clearer and deeper though about the present living situation and future of the ethnic group/tribal/culture, "cultural appeal" becomes the more essential voice, in terms of literature, "homecoming" has turned to the thriving topic and the living and subsistence style which is some aboriginal intellectuals’self-conscious choice. It the reflection of living space, chansmen relationship, ethnic group fate and traditional culture. Homeland works is a challenge to the main current/strong culture, containing deep feeling and reflection between the aboriginal intellectuals and the ethnic group, traditional culture, and provide us a fresh and vivid aboriginal land and sea world. The Black Wings, a novel of Tao writer Syman Rapongan, is one of the homeland representative works.Syman Rapongan is a decisive homecoming aboriginal intellectual and was accredited as "the only one succeeds the’body rite’", his writings are full of personal life experience and culture reflection. The Black Wings, the first river novel of Syman Rapongan as well as the first of Taiwan aboriginal literature, created a literal "homeland" via the fight between the desire and the spirit through the development histories of four Tao juveniles, showing his grand creation will. Among the writing life of Syman Rapongan, this work is on the turning point, not only continuing the pro-works traditions and modern, seeking and turning-back topics and trying to draw a perfect end. The pain and maze inside and outside of the text-the resistance and elusion to the writing margin between the traditions and modern- provides a stand for reflecting and referring to the change and depth for the subsequent writing.As for the whole aboriginal literature, The Black Wings shows persistence and ideal mind to build an affective and cultural homeland, the attempt of homeland writing repents the challenge to the main current/strong culture, displaying the writer’s deeper thinking and concern about the ethnic group fate and culture.Therefore, studying the gain and loss of this novel is not only a reflection of Syman Rapongan’s writing, but also a dialectic witnessing to the whole aboriginal homeland literature writing and meaning.The introduction part sorts out the Taiwan aboriginal literature and has a whole-look to Syman Rapongan’s creation under the frame of aboriginal literature, finds the Black Wings’s special position in his writing life and pointing out the meaning of this study.The first and second part give emphasis on the text analysis. Apart from the growing-up story, there is another cover line. The first part analyzes the three chapters forming the covert line, seizing the lineage of flying-fish/Tao culture which reflected by the black wings.The second part focuses on the entangling between dreams and realism during the growing-up of four Tao children, analyzes the white body on the metaphor level through the ego’s gazing to the other, then discusses the reason of Black/White binary opposition and how the writer subvert it. Syman merges the childhood and homeland via the dream’s achievement after growing up, putting an early end to the "seeking/turning-back" issue.The third part, analyzing the writer’s anxiety within and out of the text and how the anxiety de-construct the "homeland". The vagueness of self-writing position is important factor which makes The Black Wings’s homeland fancy impossible. After Syman’s reflection of self-dilemma, his "margin"-to the main culture and the ethnic groups-perspective adds a new life and depth into his creation. Then the thesis ponders over the meaning of homeland writing in a dialectic way. Although the homeland doesn’t indeed exist, the homeland writing has many cracks, the writer’s unyielding fighting wins our higher praise.The closing part summarizes the whole thesis.更多还原