【作者】 蔡先峰；

【导师】 魏益民；

【作者基本信息】 中国农业科学院 ， 农产品加工与贮藏工程， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 为了保障牛肉消费安全和肉牛产业发展安全,肉牛质量安全的追溯技术体系的研究和建立日益受到重视。牛肉中矿物元素指纹特征与肉牛生长的地域密切相关,矿物元素指纹分析技术是用于牛肉及其它食品产地溯源的有效技术之一。前人对这一技术的可行性已经进行了相关探讨。肉牛组织器官中矿物元素指纹特征不仅与生长地域有关,还受饲料种类的影响。在生产实际中,肉牛经常在不同地域转移喂养,而且同一地域不同饲养期的饲料也有变化,不同组织器官对矿物元素的富集作用也不同,这些问题对牛肉矿物元素指纹溯源技术在实际中的应用带来了一定困难。本研究通过在内蒙古太仆寺旗、陕西杨凌和河南南阳三个地域实施肉牛迁徙-饲养模型试验,采集了肌肉、心脏、肝脏和肺脏组织器官样品以及土壤样品,利用高分辨率等离子体质谱仪(HR-ICP-MS)和等离子体原子放射光谱仪(ICP-OES)检测了57种矿物元素的含量。比较分析了不同地域和不同饲养期各组织器官矿物元素的组成特征,不同组织器官之间矿物元素组成特征以及各组织器官与土壤中矿物元素组成特征;在此基础上,筛选出了用于牛肉产地溯源的有效溯源指标,为牛肉产地矿物元素指纹溯源技术的研究和应用提供了理论和方法参考。本研究的主要结论如下:(1)内蒙古太仆寺旗、陕西杨凌和河南南阳三个地域喂养的肉牛组织器官中矿物元素指纹信息特征不同。各组织器官在不同地域具有显著差异的矿物元素种类不同,肌肉为元素Y、Lu、Th、Ge、Cs、W、Rb、Fe、K和Al,心脏为元素In、Pr、Nd、Ni、Cs、W、Rb和Na,肝脏为元素Y、La、Ce、Pr、Nd、Sm、Eu、Gd、Tb、Dy、Ho、Sb、Th、U、Zr、Ga、Cs、W、Bi、Rb、As和Al,肺脏为元素Be、Nb、Eu、Gd、Tm、Ta、Th、Hf、Ga、Mo、Sn、W、Rb、Zn和K。内蒙古太仆寺旗样品中矿物元素含量的变异系数相对较大,而陕西杨凌和河南南阳样品中矿物元素含量的变异系数相对较小。(2)内蒙古太仆寺旗三个饲养期之间、杨凌两个饲养期之间存在无显著差异的矿物元素。在内蒙古太仆寺旗,肌肉中为元素Be、Cd、In、Tl、U、Ge、Li、Sc、Cr、Ga、Mo、Cs、W、Se、Sn、Cu、As、Zn、Ti、K、Ca、Na、Mg,心脏中为元素In、Ta、Zr、Ni、Ga、Cs、Pb、Bi、Se、Sn、Cu、Zn、Ti、Fe、K、Mg,肝脏中为元素Y、Cd、In、Sb、Eu、Ho、Er、Tl、Th、U、Zr、Hf、Ge、Te、Li、V、Cr、Ga、Mo、Cs、W、Pb、Sn、As、Zn、Ti、Mn、Fe、K、Ca、Na、Mg,肺脏中为元素Be、Cd、In、Ge、Ba、Pb、Bi、Se、Sn、Cu、As、Zn、K、Ca、Na、Mg;在陕西杨凌,肌肉中为元素Be、Y、Nb、Cd、In、Sb、La、Ce、Pr、Nd、Sm、Eu、Gd、Tb、Dy、Er、Yb、Lu、Ta、Tl、Th、U、Zr、Hf、Li、Sc、V、Cr、Co、Ni、Ga、W、Se、Sn、Cu、Sr、As、Zn、Ti、Mn、Fe、K、Ca、Na、Mg、Al,心脏中为元素Y、Nb、Cd、In、Sb、La、Ce、Pr、Nd、Sm、Eu、Tb、Dy、Er、Yb、Lu、Ta、Tl、Th、U、Zr、Li、Sc、V、Cr、Co、Ni、Ga、Mo、Pb、Bi、Se、Sn、Cu、As、Zn、Mn、Fe、K、Ca、Na、Mg、Al,肝脏中为元素Y、Nb、Cd、In、Sb、La、Ce、Pr、Nd、Sm、Eu、Gd、Tb、Dy、Ho、Er、Yb、Lu、Tl、Th、U、Zr、Hf、Ge、Te、Sc、V、Co、Ni、Ga、Mo、Cs、Ba、W、Pb、Bi、Se、Sn、Cu、Sr、As、Zn、Ti、Mn、Fe、K、Ca、Na、Mg、Al,肺脏中为元素Be、Y、Nb、Cd、In、Sb、La、Ce、Pr、Nd、Sm、Gd、Tb、Dy、Ho、Er、Tm、Lu、Ta、Tl、Th、U、Zr、Hf、Ge、Te、Li、Sc、V、Cr、Co、Ni、Ga、Mo、Cs、W、Pb、Bi、Sn、Cu、Sr、As、Zn、Ti、Mn、Fe、K、Na、Mg、Al。(3)肉牛各组织器官中矿物元素含量特征不同。元素Cd、Pb、Bi、Cu、Rb、Zn在肝脏中含量显著高于肌肉、心脏和肺脏,而元素Y、Nb、In、Sm、Eu、Gd、Tb、Dy、Er、Yb、Lu、Th、U、Zr、Hf、Ge、Li、Sc、V、Ba、Al在肺脏中含量显著高于肌肉、心脏和肝脏。元素Sb、La、Ce、Ga、Ti、Cr、Co、Ni、Se、Mo、Mn、Pr、Nd、Fe在肝脏和肺脏中含量相对较高,常量元素K、Mg和元素W在肌肉和心脏中含量相对较高,元素Be、Ta、Tl和常量元素Ca、Na在肺脏和心脏中含量相对较高。(4)内蒙古太仆寺旗、陕西杨凌和河南南阳土壤中矿物元素指纹具有不同特征。元素Hf、K、Sr含量在太仆寺旗最高,元素La、Ce、Nd、Eu、Ta、Cu、Al、Ba、Se、Na含量在南阳最高,元素Be、Tl、Zr、Li、Mo、Cs、Rb、Ca、Y、Nb、Cd、In、Sb、Pr、Sm、Gd、Tb、Dy、Ho、Er、Tm、Yb、Lu、Ta、Th、U、Hf、Ge、Te、Sc、V、Cr、Ni、Ga、W、Pb、Bi、Sn、As、Zn、Ti、Mn、Fe、Mg含量在杨凌最高。不同饲养期内蒙古太仆寺旗土壤矿物元素波动较大,而陕西杨凌较小。土壤与组织器官之间矿物元素含量特征存在较大差异。(5)依据不同地域之间有显著差异、同一地域不同饲养期之间无显著差异的原则筛选出了用于区分内蒙古太仆寺旗、陕西杨凌和河南南阳三个地域肉牛产地溯源的矿物元素指标体系,肌肉为元素Ge、Bi,心脏为元素In、Ta、Na和Cs,肝脏为元素Eu、Ga、Cr和Cs,肺脏为元素W。更多还原

【Abstract】 To ensure the safety of beef consumption and development of cattle industry, there are increasing concerns about the establishment of a traceability technological system and relevant researches. As the characteristics of multi-element in beef are closely related to cattle growing environment, multi-element analysis is one of the promising and effective tracing technologies in the food industry. Many researches focusing on the feasibility study of multi-element analysis in food traceability have been done. It is reported that the characteristics of multi-element in beef are also affected by animal feeds. In practice, there may be situations that cattle are transferred between and fed at different places, and the feeds will also be changed with the seasons. These problems together with the discrepant enrichment of multi-element in different tissues and organs to some extent will challenge the application of this technology.Cattle transfer-feeding model experiments were conducted in this study in study fields including Taipusi Banner in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region (TP), Yangling Zone in Shaanxi Province (YL) and Nanyang City in Henan Province (NY). Cattle muscles, hearts, livers, lungs and earth from the field feeds growing were sampled. Up to 57 kinds of elements were measured using HR-ICP-MS and ICP-OES. Differences in multi-element contents in cattle tissues and organs between samples from different regions and feeding periods were analyzed. Relationships on multi-element characteristics between animal organs and earth were also discussed. In addition, Tracing indexes which were suitable elements for geographical origin assignment in these study fields were selected. The objective of this study was to provide theoretical and methodological references to the research and application of multi-element analysis. The main conclusions were:(1) There were differences in multi-element fingerprint characteristics of cattle tissues and organs from TP, YL and NY. Elements with significant differences in the three regions were different in cattle tissues and organs. They were Y, Lu, Th, Ge, Cs, W, Rb, Fe, K, Al in muscle samples, In, Pr, Nd, Ni, Cs, W, Rb, Na in heart samples, Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Sb, Th, U, Zr, Ga, Cs, W, Bi, Rb, As, Al in liver samples and Be, Nb, Eu, Gd, Tm, Ta, Th, Hf, Ga, Mo, Sn, W, Rb, Zn, K in lung samples. In addition, coefficients of variance of multi-element contents in samples from TP were relatively larger than those in samples from YL and NY.(2) There were elements with no significant differences in contents for samples from different feeding periods in TP and YL. In TP, they were Be, Cd, In, Tl, U, Ge, Li, Sc, Cr, Ga, Mo, Cs, W, Se, Sn, Cu, As, Zn, Ti, K, Ca, Na, Mg in muscle, In, Ta, Zr, Ni, Ga, Cs, Pb, Bi, Se, Sn, Cu, Zn, Ti, Fe, K, Mg in heart, Y, Cd, In, Sb, Eu, Ho, Er, Tl, Th, U, Zr, Hf, Ge, Te, Li, V, Cr, Ga, Mo, Cs, W, Pb, Sn, As, Zn, Ti, Mn, Fe, K, Ca, Na, Mg in liver and Be, Cd, In, Ge, Ba, Pb, Bi, Se, Sn, Cu, As, Zn, K, Ca, Na, Mg in lung. In YL, they were Be, Y, Nb, Cd, In, Sb, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Er, Yb, Lu, Ta, Tl, Th, U, Zr, Hf, Li, Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Ga, W, Se, Sn, Cu, Sr, As, Zn, Ti, Mn, Fe, K, Ca, Na, Mg, Al in muscle, Y, Nb, Cd, In, Sb, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Tb, Dy, Er, Yb, Lu, Ta, Tl, Th, U, Zr, Li, Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Ga, Mo, Pb, Bi, Se, Sn, Cu, As, Zn, Mn, Fe, K, Ca, Na, Mg, Al in heart, Y, Nb, Cd, In, Sb, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Yb, Lu, Tl, Th, U, Zr, Hf, Ge, Te, Sc, V, Co, Ni, Ga, Mo, Cs, Ba, W, Pb, Bi, Se, Sn, Cu, Sr, As, Zn, Ti, Mn, Fe, K, Ca, Na, Mg, Al in liver and Be, Y, Nb, Cd, In, Sb, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Lu, Ta, Tl, Th, U, Zr, Hf, Ge, Te, Li, Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Ga, Mo, Cs, W, Pb, Bi, Sn, Cu, Sr, As, Zn, Ti, Mn, Fe, K, Na, Mg, Al in lung.(3) Characteristics of multi-element contents were different in cattle tissues and organs. Contents of Cd, Pb, Bi, Cu, Rb and Zn in liver samples were higher than those in other organs, the same for Y, Nb, In, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Er, Yb, Lu, Th, U, Zr, Hf, Ge, Li, Sc, V, Ba and Al in lung samples. Contents of Sb, La, Ce, Ga, Ti, Cr, Co, Ni, Se, Mo, Mn, Pr, Nd and Fe were relatively higher in liver and lung samples, the same for K, Mg and W in muscle and heart samples and Ta, Tl, Ca and Na in lung and heart samples.(4) Characteristics of multi-element contents in earth samples from TP, YL and NY were different. Contents of Hf、K and Sr were the highest in samples from TP, the same for La, Ce, Nd, Eu, Ta, Cu, Al, Ba, Se and Na in samples from NY, for Be, Tl, Zr, Li, Mo, Cs, Rb, Ca, Y, Nb, Cd, In, Sb, Pr, Sm, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, Ta, Th, U, Hf, Ge, Te, Sc, V, Cr, Ni, Ga, W, Pb, Bi, Sn, As, Zn, Ti, Mn, Fe and Mg in samples from YL. The fluctuation of multi-element contents in TP was much bigger than that in YL. There were differences in multi-element contents between earth samples and cattle tissue and organ samples.(5) According to the principal that there were significant differences for multi-element contents of samples from different regions but no significant differences for multi-element contents of samples from different feeding periods, the referencing tracing indices for samples from TP, YL, NY were: Ge, Bi for muscle; In, Ta, Na and Cs for heart; Eu, Ga, Cr and Cs for liver; W for lung.更多还原