【作者】 胡静；

【导师】 白红娟；

【作者基本信息】 中北大学 ， 环境工程， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 本文在传统直接沉淀法的基础上,分别以醋酸铜和硝酸铁为铜源和铁源、氢氧化钠为沉淀剂、光合细菌培养液为分散剂制备了纳米级氧化铜和氧化铁粉体,并用热重-差热分析(TG-DTA)、X-射线衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、高分辨透射电子显微镜(HRTEM)和傅里叶变换红外光谱分析(FT-IR)等测试手段对产品的结构性能进行了表征,探索了并得到了纳米氧化物制备的最佳条件。研究结果表明,通过对反应条件的控制,用光合细菌的培养液可以制得球形的纳米氧化物微粒,并且其分散性良好。制备的纳米氧化铜微粒平均粒径为38.6 nm,纳米氧化铁的平均粒径为17.4 nm。同时,用考马斯亮蓝G-250法对不同时期的光合细菌培养液中的蛋白质含量进行了测试,从而得出不同培养时期培养液中蛋白质含量的变化趋势,并对培养时间对整个反应过程产生的影响作了分析。用聚丙烯酰胺电泳(SDS-PAGE)法对培养液中的蛋白质种类随反应过程的变化进行了测试,并对结果进行了分析。最后,本文以光合细菌制备的纳米氧化铜作为催化剂,研究了它对高氯酸铵热分解的催化效果。通过研究发现,纳米氧化铜的加入会使高氯酸铵热分解的低温分解温度及高温分解温度均提前,但是对高氯酸铵的晶型转变温度并无明显影响。同时,纳米氧化铜的加入量越大,其对高氯酸铵热分解的催化效果也越明显。通过对比试验发现,用光合细菌制备的纳米氧化铜对高氯酸铵热分解的催化效果要比普通氧化铜的催化效果好,这说明,用光合细菌不仅可以制备出纳米级别的氧化铜,并且该氧化铜作为催化剂的催化效果也是很优越的,具有一定的实用性。更多还原

【Abstract】 The nanocrystalline copper oxide and iron oxide powders were prepared in this paper on the basis of direct precipitation method with copper acetate and iron nitrate respectively as the raw materials, sodium hydroxide as the precipitating agent, and culture fluid from photosynthetic bacterium as dispersant. The structure and properties of the products were characterized by thermal gravimetry-differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and fourier infrared spectrum (FT-IR). The optimum conditions of preparation of the nano-paticles oxide were obtained. The results indicated that the nano-oxide particles produced were spherical and their dispersancy is better through the control of reaction conditions, by the culture fluid from photosynthetic bacteria. The average size of copper nano-oxide was 38.6 nm, and the iron nano-oxide was 17.4 nm.Meanwhile, the protein content of culture fluid from photosynthetic bacterium in different periods were tested by Coomassie brilliant blue G-250 method, and the tendency of the protein content was obtained. The variety of protein in the culture fluid were tested by SDS-polyacrylamide gelelectrophoresis method, and the results were analyzed.Finally, the catalytic effect of the thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate was studied with the nano-copper oxide prepared before as catalyst. Through the experiment, the addition of nano-copper oxide caused the low temperature and the high temperature of thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate both ahead of time, but it didn’t significantly affect on the phase transition temperature of ammonium perchlorate. Meanwhile, the more the amount of nano-copper oxide added, the more the catalytic effect of the thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate obvious. It was found that the catalytic effect was better through nano-copper oxide prepared before than the normal copper oxide. It is showed that the nano-particles of copper oxide not only can be prepared by photosynthetic bacteria, but also the catalytic effect of the nano-particles of copper oxide prepared was very excellent, with a certain practicality.更多还原