【作者】 朱毓霞；

【导师】 严铸云；

【作者基本信息】 成都中医药大学 ， 生药学， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 2008年5月12日发生的汶川大地震,破坏性强、波及范围广。地震造成森林植被大面积损毁、岩山裸露、河流阻断、地貌改变,使森林覆盖、水源涵养和地下水位改变；同时工矿企业污染物外泄、大量生活垃圾及防疫用消毒灭菌杀虫剂等造成严重的水土污染,对灾区宏观生态到微观生态造成了巨大影响。以前的研究没有给土壤生态恢复积累可资借鉴的经验和基础数据。本研究以地震重灾区道地药材产地土壤为实验材料,探讨地震对土壤微生态的影响,以期为灾后重建和生产恢复提供基础资料。首先,采用稀释平板法,对四川重灾区都江堰和彭州川芎根际土地震前后土壤真菌、放线菌、细菌的计数结果表明,震后1年(2009年)川芎根际土壤真菌、放线菌、细菌数量减少,震后2年(2010年)真菌、放线菌、细菌数量较震后1年(2009年)有增加趋势,但真菌和细菌数量仍未恢复到震前(2007年)水平；2009年、2010年江油附子生产地根际土壤也呈现出微生物数量恢复的过程。其次,采用最大或然数法对根际土壤功能微生物的结果表明,都江堰和彭州川芎根际土震后1年(2009年)较震前(2007年)土壤功能菌群落多样性、均匀性降低,震后2年(2010年)土壤功能菌群落多样性、均匀性开始升高,部分接近震前(2007年)水平。2009年、2010年江油附子生产地根际土壤也呈现出功能菌群落多样性、均匀性降低恢复回升的过程。采用湿筛倾析—蔗糖离心法对都江堰和彭州川芎根际土丛枝菌根真菌分离、鉴定的结果表明,都江堰和彭州川芎根际土震后1年(2009年)较震前(2007年)土壤丛枝菌根真菌数量和孢子密度降低,震后2年(2010年)丛枝菌根真菌种群数量无增加,但孢子密度基本恢复至震前(2007年)水平。综上可见,可见地震破坏了土壤的微生态系统,引起了土壤微生态功能的改变。地震后土壤的微生态系统具有一定自我恢复的能力,但土壤微生态功能恢复需要一定时间,从本研究结果认为震后2年基本恢复到震前水平。提示在救灾过程中应尽量保护土壤微生态系统,震后可增强人工干预修复,应是灾区生产和生态恢复重建的重要内容。更多还原

【Abstract】 A terrible earthquake occurred during in May 12,2008.The earthquake caused extensive damage to forest,mountain,rivers langform ect.At the same time,the earthquake caused industrial and mining pollutants leak,a lot of garbage and Sterilization for epidemic prevention pesticides ect.These caused serious pollution to water and soil. Ecological disaster caused a tremendous impact from the macro the micro of devastated area.Previous studies have not given the accumulation of soil ecological restoration can learn from the experience and infrastructure date. The authentic ingredients to quake-hit origin of the soil as the experimental material to investigate the impact of earthquake on soil micro to the production of future relief and reconstruction to provide basic information.Firstly, The quantity fluctuating of the rhizosphere bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes in the habitat of Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort. Collected from Wenchuan earthquake worst-hit dujiangyan and pengzhou were measured with dilute platform method.The test result indicated that the quantity of the rhizosphere bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes which collected in 2009 one year past the wenchuan earthquake were obviously lower than that in 2007 pre-earthquake,And the quantity of the rhizosphere bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes were increased in 2010.Nevertheless the quantity of the rhizosphere bacteria, fungi were still lower than that in 2007.At the same time,The quantity fluctuating of the rhizosphere bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes in the habitat of Aconitum carmichaeli Debx. Collected from wenchuan earthquake worst-hit jiangyou were also measured,and the test indicated that the quantity of the rhizosphere bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes were increased after wenchuan earthquake.secondly,The quantity fluctuating of soil microbial community were measured with Most Probable Number method.The test result indicated that the diversity and evenness of soil microbial community in Rhizosphere which were collected in 2009 were decreased than that in 2007. And had a increased in 2010,some were close to the quantity in 2007.Fanally,Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi were investigated in the habitat of Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort.The spore of arbusular mycorrhizal fungi with centrifugation-sugar flotation was isolated and they were identified from morphological characters.The test result indicated that the spore density and species richness in Rhizosphere which were collected in 2009 were decreased than that in 2007. But the spore density and species richness were increased in 2010.Just saying this, the earthquake distoryed the soil microecosystem and brings on many changes to the soil micro-ecosystem function. Though the soil microecosystem may have a certain self-restoring capacity, it may cost at least 3 years to recover as the past. This may prompt us that we should try our best to protect the earth microecosystem during the disaster relief process and strengthen the artificial interference in ecological restoration to help the distressed area have a speedy production and ecology recovery.更多还原