【作者】 贾晓；

【导师】 卢东升；

【作者基本信息】 信阳师范学院 ， 植物学， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 植物内生真菌是指生活史中的某一阶段生活在植物组织内,但对植物组织没有引起明显病害症状的真菌。近年来的研究表明,内生真菌能够产生许多结构新颖、生理活性独特的或与宿主植物相同和相似的天然生理活性物质。博落回[Macleaya cordata (Willd.)R.Br]隶属于罂粟科,其主要化学成分为生物碱,具有抑菌、杀虫、抗肿瘤等多方面的药理作用。本文以博落回为实验材料,开展内生真菌分离、鉴定,运用植物微生态学及植物病理学的方法,对博落回内生真菌的物种多样性及分布规律进行了研究,并对它们的生物学功能及抗病性进行探讨,旨在为博落回内生真菌的开发利用提供基础资料。研究表明,博落回内生真菌种类丰富。它们隶属于5个科11个属,青霉属(Penicillium)、曲霉属(Aspergillus)为优势菌株,分离率分别为1.06%、0.91%,分离率较高,且分布广,是博落回优势内生真菌。其次为刺盘孢(colletotrichum),分离率为0.83%。博落回不同部位内生真菌在数量、种群上具有多样性。叶上分离内生真菌数量最多。不同高度博落回内生真菌分布有明显差异。不同季节内生真菌分布呈现一定规律性。以板栗干腐病、茶叶轮斑病、女贞黑斑病、桂花叶斑病等作为指示菌,采用平板对峙法对博落回内生真菌的抑菌效果进行测试分析。筛选得到能强烈抑制四种病原菌的有益菌株J91。对J91菌株生物学特征及生防效果进行了研究,表明,该菌株对金叶女贞褐斑病具有明显的防控效果。研究发现,其抑菌物质既存在与细胞外也存在于细胞内。采用ITSrDNA序列分析,对强拮抗菌株J91菌株进行了分子鉴定,系统发育树显示,J91菌株为葡萄座腔菌(BotryospHaeria)更多还原

【Abstract】 Endophytes are referred to fungi colonizing in healthy plant tissues without causing overt symptoins in or apparent injury to the host. Research results in recent years show that endophytes can produce some metabolites same or similar to those from the host plant, and metabolites with the novel structure and specific bioactivity.Macleaya cordata is Chinese traditional herbal drug with plenty of alkaloid, which has pharmacologic function of antibacterial action and so on.In this paper, we selected macleaya cordata as our materials to isolate and identify its endophytes.By plant microecology and plant pathology methods, we have studied the composition and distribution of Macleaya cordata endophytic fungi, and discussed its biological function and disease resistance, aiming to offer initial value of development and utilization of the Macleaya cordata endophytes. The result showed that endophytic fungi of macleaya cordata had abundant diversity, which belonging to 5 families、11 genera, Including the dominant strain:Penicillium Aspergillus, separation rates were 1.06%,0.91%, Followed by colletotrichum separation was 0.83%. Different organs of macleaya cordata have diversity in quantity and population. The leaves had the greatest population of endophytic fungi. The distribution of the endophytic fungi varied in different height and in different season.Taking chestnut dry rot fungi, tea-leaf wheei spot fungi, ligustrum vicaryi melasma fungi and laurel blossom vane spot as indicate fungi, the bacteriostasis effect of macleaya cordata endophytic fungi were analysed using pair-culture method. J91 strains which had stronger inhibit activity on four pathogenic fungus were separated. Biological characteristic and antifungal activity of J91were studied, the result showed J91 had obvious control effect of ligustrum vicaryi melasma fungi. The antifungal composition exist in extrazellular and intrazellular. The ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS rDNA) region was amplified and sequenced to identify J91, it was distinguished as BotryospHaeria.更多还原