【作者】 吴昊；

【导师】 董希斌；

【作者基本信息】 东北林业大学 ， 森林工程， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 目前,由于林木种子采收作业的随意性以及山地、林地环境的复杂性,种子采收作业还是以地面手工采集和人工爬树采集为主,机械设备使用较少,效率低下,危险性大。根据当前及今后的林业发展趋势,迫切需要大量的优良种苗,但是落后的林木种子采收方式已经远远不能满足需求,制约了林业的发展。因此,结合林业发展要求和趋势,有针对性的研制能够在山地、林地环境下使用的采种设备,有效提高采种作业的效率,改善作业的安全性,为优良种苗培育提供充足的种子支持,具有十分重要的意义。为此,在黑龙江省科技攻关项目(GA09B204-03)支持下,完成了自行升降式林木采种机的研制,本文主要对以下几方面展开研究：分析我国林业和林木良种基地的现状与发展趋势,归纳国内外采种技术与设备的研究概况,总结机械设备在山地、林地环境下的使用特点。基于虚拟样机技术,使用三维设计软件Unigraphics NX4.0对采种机结构进行设计。依照模块化的思想设计出3个各具特点与性能侧重不同的结构方案,详细分析各组成模块的结构特点,并对相关理论进行研究。对其中的动平台和升降机构进行运动学分析,建立运动学模型和运动学方程并求解,得到了机构末端执行器位姿与各关节变量之间的关系。在详细论述运动仿真模块UG/Motion的功能、使用方法和运动函数基础上,对采种机3个设计方案中的最终实施方案进行运动/动力学仿真,并根据仿真结果对该设计进行改进与优化。论述自行升降式林木采种机液压系统的设计思想与原则,阐述该液压系统的系统组成,对其工作原理以及各回路的功能、特点进行分析。按照优化后的采种机设计方案生产出实体样机,并对该样机进行系统的性能测试研究。分别从普通性能参数、山地环境与极端工况性能、实际工作能力三方面验证了设计的合理性,得到了实际的性能参数。经测试,结果表明该采种机性能满足实际采种作业要求,达到了预期目标。更多还原

【Abstract】 At present, due to the arbitrariness of tree seeds harvesting and the complexity environment of the mountain and forest land, the seed harvesting is basically by hands on the ground and climb the trees of artificial, use less machinery and equipment, inefficient and dangerous. According to current and future trends of forestry development, urgently requires a lot of good seed, but the underdeveloped methods of tree seed collection have been far from meeting demand, constrained the development of forestry. Therefore, according to the requirements and trends of forestry development, development the forest seed collection equipment that can be used on the mountains, improve the efficiency of seed operations and job security, provision adequate excellent seed for seedling cultivation is great significance.Therefore, with the support of scientific and technological projects in Heilongjiang Province(GA09B204-03), completed the study of self-elevating tree seed collecting machine. In this paper, study mainly on the following aspects:Analysis the current situation and development trend of our forestry and tree seed production base, introduce the equipment and technology of domestic and foreign, summed up the use characteristics of machinery and equipment on mountains and forestry lands.Based on virtual prototype technology, design the structure of seed collecting machine by the three-dimensional design software of Unigraphics NX4.0. According to the idea of modular, designed 3 different characteristics and different performance emphasis on structure program, described the structural characteristics of each component in detail,and the relevant theoretical analysis carried out.Moving platform and lifting mechanism have been kinematic analyzed, kinematic model and motion equation are established and solved, the relationships of end actuator agency and joint variables obtained.Based on discuss the function and usage and motor function of motion simulation module of UG/Motion, movement and dynamics simulation for the final implementation of the design, and design improvement and optimization according to the simulation result.Discusses the design ideas and principles of hydraulic system of seed collecting machine, describes the system components, and analysis its working principle and circuit functions and characteristics.In accordance with the optimization design to produce physical prototypes, and the performance test based on the physical prototypes. From three areas of the common performance parameters and mountain environment and extreme conditions performance to confirmation the reasonable of the design, obtained actual performance parameters. By testing, the results show that the performance of seed collecting machines meet the operational requirements, achieve the expected goals.更多还原