【作者】 王向前；

【导师】 颉耀文；

【作者基本信息】 兰州大学 ， 地图学与地理信息系统， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 在科学技术日新月异的当今时代,三维地理信息系统(Geographic Information System, GIS)以其直观、形象的特点备受各领域的关注,具有广阔的发展空间和应用前景,成为地理信息系统研究和发展的主要趋势。地形三维可视化技术是建立三维GIS的关键技术之一。论文采用理论技术研究与实践开发相结合的思路,以黑河流域为实验区,构建了地形三维可视化系统。论文主要进行了以下几个方面的研究：(1)介绍了地形三维可视化的基本理论和技术,指出地形三维建模和地表纹理映射技术是地形三维可视化的重要环节。对比分析了等高线模型、规则格网模型和不规则三角网模型三种数字高程模型(Digital Elevation Model, DEM)的建模原理以及各自的优缺点,针对黑河流域幅员辽阔、数据量大的特点,选择数据结构简单、建模方法直接的规则格网模型构建三维地形：阐述了地表纹理映射原理以及各种纹理映射技术,提出采用“整体低、局部高”的策略进行地表纹理数据组织。(2)在深入分析黑河流域地形三维可视化系统建立的必要性和可行性的基础上,对黑河流域地形三维可视化系统进行了总体结构设计、功能模块划分、数据库设计以及界面设计。(3)从空间参考基准和数据格式两个角度提出了建立地形三维可视化系统数据组织的前提条件,从地形数据、地物模型数据和二维矢量数据三个方面总结了空间数据的组织方式。(4)在归纳Skyline软件系统的优势及其体系结构和功能的基础上,总结了一套行之有效的三维场景构建方法和作业流程。(5)利用Visual Studio 2005开发环境与Skyline TerraExplorerAPI和ArcGIS Engine接口开发实现了黑河流域地形三维可视化系统。本文研究并设计实现的黑河流域地形三维可视化系统,可以对黑河流域三维地形场景进行形象逼真的展示,能够完成基于三维环境的空间分析、信息查询等功能,能够服务于干旱区绿洲化、荒漠化以及环境演变的研究,尤其是能对流域内绿洲空间格局演变等具有较大尺度的现象和过程提供良好展示。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the rapid development of science and technology,3D geographical information system attracts much concern in various fields for its intuition, having a broad space for development and application prospects, becoming the main trend of geographic information system (GIS) research and development. The terrain 3D visualization is one of the key technologies to establish 3D GIS.The theory technology research and practice are used together to construct the terrain 3D visualization system of Heihe River Basin in this paper. It is mainly concern as follows in this paper:(1) The basic theory and technology of terrain 3D visualization is introduced in this paper, pointing out that the 3D modeling and surface texture mapping technology is the important step to construct terrain 3D visualization. The main three models of the digital elevation model (DEM): contour model, regular grid model and TIN (Triangulated Irregular Network) model are compared with every model’s basic theory and advantages & disadvantages. Considering the Heihe River Basin having a vast territory and complicated terrain triangulated irregular network modela with a simple data structure and directly modeling methods is proper to construct 3D terrain in this paper. The principle of surface texture mapping and the technology of a variety of texture mapping are expounded, pointing out that the "whole quality is low, local quality is high "strategy is used to organize the surface texture data.(2) Based on a thorough analysis of the necessity and feasibility of the Heihe River Basin terrain 3D visualization system, the overall structure design, function module partition, database design and interface design of the Heihe River Basin terrain 3D visualization system terrain are finished.(3) The premise condition for data organization to establish terrain 3D visualization system is proposed from the spatial reference datum and data formats while the spatial data organization mode is summarized from terrain data, the earth’s surface model data and two-dimensional vector data.(4) Based on the superiority and structure and function of Skyline software, efficient methods and processes to establish 3D scene are summed up.(5) With Visual Studio 2005 as programming environment and Skyline TerraExplorer API & ArcGIS Engine as interface the Heihe River Basin visualization system is achieved.The Heihe River Basin terrain 3D visualization system designed by this paper can be used for displaying 3D scene of Heihe River Basin terrain, spatial analysis based on 3D environment, information query and so on. It can also be used to study the arid oasis transformation and environmental evolution, especially useful to provide a good show of oasis spatial pattern evolution with large scale and long processes.更多还原