【作者】 李全；

【导师】 牛健植； 范志平；

【作者基本信息】 北京林业大学 ， 水土保持与荒漠化防治， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 本文以东北农牧交错区的内蒙古库伦旗、科尔沁左翼后旗、辽宁康平县、彰武县等四县(旗)为典型代表研究区域,运用地理信息系统(GIS)技术,对该区域4个时期(1987年、1995年、2004年和2007年)的土地利用变化情况进行分析,在此基础上,把研究区域按生态脆弱要素分为轻度生态脆弱区、中度生态脆弱区和重度生态脆弱区；依据各分区的生态脆弱性特征分别计算了防护林体系不同类型植被的生态需水量；根据不同类型区土壤侵蚀驱动力主导因素,提出了各区域以风蚀防控和水蚀降低为目标的防护林体系适宜覆盖率,对东北农牧交错区防护林体系建设提供依据。本论文研究结果表明：(1)东北农牧交错区生态环境主导影响因子主要是风沙活动频繁以及水资源严重短缺；(2)在东北典型农牧交错区的生态脆弱分区中,轻度生态脆弱区的面积约为0.775万Km2；中度生态脆弱区的面积约为0.731万Km2；重度生态脆弱区的面积约为0.708万Km2；(3)从时间尺度分析,在同一生态分区中,防护林体系植被覆盖率随时间变化而变化,从1987年至2007年间,轻度生态脆弱区、中度生态脆弱区和重度生态脆弱区上的防护林体系覆盖率范围分别为27.41%——32.45%、22.95%—24.70%、14.52%—17.15%；从空间尺度上分析,在东北农牧交错区的轻度生态脆弱区、中度生态脆弱区和重度生态脆弱区中,防护林体系植被覆盖率分别为29.30%、23.64%和17.15%,而且防护林覆盖率的高低与生态脆弱度呈负相关关系；(4)科尔沁左翼后旗、彰武县和库伦旗以防止风蚀和适应土壤水分承载力为目标的防护林体系植被的适宜覆盖率,最高为41.96%,最低为36.14%,平均为39.05%,提高防护林植被覆盖率是减少该地区土壤风蚀、改善生态环境的重要途径；康平县以土壤类型和降水量为限制条件,研究地区适宜防护林植被覆盖率最低为24.28%,最高为36.36%,平均为31.47%。因此,在东北农牧交错区防护林体系经营管理方面,应在现有防护林体系覆盖率的基础上,通过加强林业生态工程建设,适当增加现有防护林植被覆盖率,调整并提高现有防护林林分结构及其防护功能,以达到林业生态环境保护、防护林体系永续经营利用的目标。更多还原

【Abstract】 This study selects Kulun Qi, Left and flag Horqin Qi in Inner Mongolia, Zhangwu, Kangping County in Liaoning Province as typical representative areas in agro-pastoral transitional area of Northeast China, and analyses the situation of land use change in these region in 1987,1995,2004 and 2007 by using ArcGIS. Based on vulnerability index, Research area is divided into mild, moderate and severe ecological fragile area. In each district, this paper discusses the ecological water demand of various vegetation type. According to the dominant soil erosion factors in each different district, it proposes the suitable forest shelterbelt coverage in each district based on the object of prevention and control of wind erosion and the decrease of water erosion, which can provide theoretical support to the ecological shelter forest construction in the typical region of northeast agro-pastoral ecotone.Results shows that:(1) The dominant impact factors of ecological environment in the northeast agro-pastoral area are frequent activity of sandstorm and serious shortage of water resources; (2) The involving area of mild, moderate and severe ecological fragile area in typical northeast agro-pastoral ecotone are about 7,750 Km2,7,310 Km2 and 7,080 Km2, respectively; (3) The forest coverage changed with time in the same district from the point of view of temporal scale, and the range of forest coverge of mild, moderate and severe ecological fragile area are 27.41%—32.45%、22.95%—24.70% and 14.52%—17.15%, respectively. To Analyze from the view of spatial scale, the forest coverage of mild, moderate and severe ecological fragile area are 29.30%、23.64% and 17.00%, respectively, and we can draw a conclusion that the forest coverage rate is negative correlation with fragile degree. (4) The largest, smallest and the average suitable protection forest system coverage which aimed to prevend and control of wind erosion and decrease the water erosion are 41.96%,36.14% and 39.05%, respectively. Increasing the shelter forest coverage is an important way to decrease the soil wind erosion and improve the ecological environment. Taking the soil types and precipitation as the restricting factors, The suitable protection forest system coverage are 36.36%,31.47% and 31.47%, respectively.As a result, in the aspect of forest management and administration, solution like strengthening the forestry ecological engineering, iproving the shelter forest coverage properly, and improving the stand structure and shelter forest function based on the existing shelter forest coverage can adopted in order to reach the object of agricultural ecological conservation and sustainable management and utilize of the shelter forest system.更多还原