【作者】 隋学良；

【导师】 许志春；

【作者基本信息】 北京林业大学 ， 森林保护学， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 近年来新疆杏树多毛小蠹(Scolytus seulens is Murayama),皱小蠹(Scolytus rugulosus (Muller))发生严重,对新疆当地的杏资源构成了极大的威胁。小蠹虫通过钻蛀杏树,使杏树整株致死,给当地果农带来了巨大损失。本研究应用昆虫行为学、化学生态学、分析化学的原理和方法,主要研究杏树小蠹生物生态学特性以及杏树小蠹的植物源引诱剂和相关应用技术。目的是明确杏树小蠹的生物生态学特性,开发针对杏树小蠹的引诱剂和诱捕技术,从而更好地对杏树小蠹进行监测、预报和防治。本文通过对两种小蠹的生物生态学观察,对杏树上小蠹的种类,生活史,发生期,发生规律,行为习性等有了初步的了解,为以后的试验做好准备。通过顶空法采集杏树小蠹寄主即杏树的挥发物成分,利用TCT/GC-MS对采集的挥发物进行仪器分析。分析表明杏树释放的挥发性成分主要由脂肪族的杏树绿叶成分和醛类物质组成,且不同部位的挥发物种类含量有一定差异。树叶和树干挥发物中杏树绿叶成分的含量最高,而单萜类物质在树干挥发物中的含量较高,木段挥发物中单萜类的种类较树叶和树干挥发物中的多。三个部位共有的化合物有14种,分别是1-甲氧基-2-丙醇、2-乙基-1-己醇、癸醇、正己醛、壬醛、癸醛、柠檬烯、β-榄香烯、α-雪松烯、雪松烯、罗汉柏烯、十一烷、十六酸、苯乙酮二乙二醇一丁醚。分别占树叶、树干、木段挥发物总量的68.1%,40.1%,93.4%。在得到了杏树挥发物的成分含量之后,选取十种标准化合物对杏树皱小蠹进行触角电位试验,试验中以反-2-己烯醛作为标样,对所测数值进行计算得到相对反应值。结果表明皱小蠹的触角对正庚醛、2-乙基丁醛、壬醛等有较强的触角电位反应,其中对正庚醛相对反应值最大,是对标样反应值的4.29倍：对挥发性杏树绿叶成分2-乙基-1-己醇触角电位也有一定的反应；皱小蠹对单萜烯类化合物α-蒎烯的触角电位反应较弱。在野外试验中,用杏树绿叶挥发物醛类引诱的小蠹数量最多,而单萜类诱集较少。利用不同颜色粘虫板对小蠹进行引诱试验,结果表明红色和黑色粘虫板对多毛小蠹的引诱效果明显高于其它颜色；黑色粘虫板对皱小蠹的引诱效果最强,红色次之,其它颜色对两种小蠹均无明显的引诱效果。通过色板引诱虫量的变化体现出两种小蠹的不同扬飞高峰期,多毛小蠹的扬飞高峰期应在六月初,而皱小蠹的扬飞高峰出现在六月中旬。更多还原

【Abstract】 Xinjiang is the main area producing apricot fruit, which flesh thick, jen sweet and good quality. Recent years, Xinjiang Apricot worm-eaten pest happens seriously, the local apricot resources in Xinjiang posing a grave threat. Apricot apricot Beetles invade phloem or xylem termite tunnel to damage, affecting water and nutrients apricot spread, the most serious cause tree death. Having read a large number of documents, writer of this article discussed in the apricot bark beetles morphological characteristics, distribution, occurrence, etc., while provide a basis for prevention and treatment of small worm-eaten. This article also discussed the current domestic status of prevention and control of small worm-eaten.Behavioral tests revealed that S. rugulosus was easy to be attracted to its host tree Prunus armeniaca. The volatiles emitted from different parts of host trees were collected outdoors by headspace sampling in situ and analyzed by Thermodesorption Cold Trap (TCT)-GC-MS. Two major classes of compounds, aliphatics [mainly green-leaf volatiles (GLVs)] and aldehydes, existed in the host tree species investigated. However, differences could be found with respect to a few components of the blend. The relative response value was obtained using counter-2 hexenoic-1-aldehyde as a standard. Electroantennograms from the antennae of L. rugulosus were recorded in response to 10 kinds of compounds selected from the volatiles in the headspace of apricot trees and other sources. The antennae responded strongly to the aldehydes heptanal,2-ethyl-butana and nonanal. Some EAG amplitudes were also observed to green leaf alcohols, but only small EAG amplitudes were observed to a-pinene.The preference of the Scolytus seulensis Murayama and the Scolytus rugulosus (Muller) to 6 kinds of sticky cards was carried out on Armeniaca spp. The results showed that sticky cards had different attraction on bark beetle. The biggest attractiveness colors to S. tusseu lensis M. and L. rugulosus (Muller) was black, then was red, and the rest colors had no obvious effect. It also can be seen that these two kinds of bark beetle have different happen-peak. S. seulensis M is in beginning of June and the L. rugulosus (Muller) is in the middle of July.更多还原