【作者】 刘伟；

【导师】 郭晓东；

【作者基本信息】 华东师范大学 ， 行政管理， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 基础研究的群体性发展和突破,不断丰富着我们对客观世界认识的深度和广度。基于基础研究重大突破所产生的技术创新和应用步伐的加快,正在使经济发展方式向资源节约、环境友好的方式转变,并使人得到更加全面的发展。以基础研究为源泉和动力的科技创新浪潮,正在承担起推进人类经济社会可持续发展的历史使命。基础研究是科学的源泉,各发达国家纷纷加大对基础研究的投入,抢占基础研究的战略高地。我国也意识到基础研究的重要性,不断加大对基础研究的投入。随着国家大幅增加对基础研究的投入,我国基础研究科研产出也相应呈现大幅增长的态势。主要反映我国基础研究状况的我国SCI收录论文的总数持续增长。至2009年,我国SCI收录论文排名数跃居世界第二,仅次于美国。但是与此同时,从主要反映基础研究质量的SCI论文被引频次来看,我国在国际学术界真正有较大影响的成果还较小。2000-2010年间,按平均每篇论文被引用的次数排序,我国排第12位,基础研究水平有待提高。由于基础研究具有目标模糊、高风险、高回报的特性,决定了基础研究要由政府承担。基础研究的科技政策已经是各个国家支持基础研究建设的重要手段。本文以NSFC和NSF为例,对比分析中美基础研究科技政策的决策和执行,构建理解中美基础研究科技政策差异的框架,提出对我国基础研究科技政策的建议。本研究主要分为六个部分。概括地说,第一部分是介绍了本文写作的目的以及对本文所涉及的核心概念进行了界定；第二部分是政策决策与政策执行的相关理论,为下文从公共政策角度比较NSF与NSFC的科技政策奠定理论基础；第三部分简述了中美基础研究体系与政策；第四部分对比分析中国NSFC与美国NSF的科技政策决策的异同；第五部分对比分析中国NSFC与美国NSF的科技政策的执行异同；第六部分通过比较构建了一个理解中国NSFC与美国NSF基础研究科技政策决策与执行异同的框架,探讨可供我国NSFC基础研究科技政策借鉴的启示与建议。更多还原

【Abstract】 The mass development and breakthrough of fundamental research enrich our depth and range of understanding the objective world. The accelerating of technical innovation and application step resulted from major breakthrough based on fundamental research is making the economic development transform to resources saving and environmental- friendly and make human more integrally developed. The new surge of science and technology with fundamental research as the resources and drive is undertaking the historic mission to promoting the human economic social sustainable development." Fundamental research is the source of science and all the developed countries are successively increasing the investment in fundamental research and seize the strategic highland of fundamental research. Our country is also aware of the importance of fundamental research and continuously enlarges the investment in fundamental research. With the investment of the state in fundamental research in large scale, our output in science and technology is also in a state of large-scale growth accordingly. Our papers included in SCI of our state mainly reflecting fundamental research status are continuously growing. Until 2009, the quantity of papers ranks on the second place of the world, just next to America. But meanwhile, seen from the frequency of SCI papers mainly reflecting the quality of fundamental research, we have relevantly less results with larger influence in international academic world. From 2000 to 2010, our state ranks on 12th according to the ranking quoted by every paper and the fundamental research level has much room for improvement.Because fundamental research is featured in fuzzy objective, high-risk and high yielding, the fundamental research shall be undertaken by the government. The policies in science and technology of fundamental research are important measure of all the states to support fundamental research construction. Taking National Natural Science Foundation of China and U.S. National Science Foundation for example, the important cornerstone of U. S. Basic research, this text compares and analyzes the decision and execution of Chinese and American fundamental research science and technical policies and builds the framework to understand the difference between Chinese and American fundamental research policies of science and technology and makes suggestions on our fundamental research science and technology policies.This research is mainly divided into 6 parts. Generally speaking, the first part introduces the purpose of the writings of this text and defines the core concept involved in this text; the second part is the relevant theory on policy decision and execution and lays theoretic basis for the comparison analysis on science and technology policy of NSF and NSFC from the perspective of public policy angle in the next text; the third part introduces the basic research system in the China and U.S. the fourth part has done a comparative analysis on the differences between decision on the policies of NSF and NSFC; the fifth part has done a comparative analysis on the differences between execution on science research policy of NSF and NSFC; the sixth part are the suggestions which can be referred by NSFC on the science and technology policy of the basic research.更多还原