【作者】 张萃；

【导师】 李恺；

【作者基本信息】 华东师范大学 ， 动物学， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 昆虫多样性研究是生物多样性研究的重要组成部分。昆虫因其种类丰富、个体数量多、分布广且世代发生相对较短,成为开展生物多样性研究的较好材料,也是探讨生物多样性特别是物种多样性较为理想的实验材料。宁波镇海是浙江省宁波市的北大门,地理位置相当优越。镇海区将成为宁波市的主要港口和重化工业基地,重点发展石油化工、能源等工业。为了解宁波镇海工业园区的昆虫资源情况和昆虫群落结构特征,于2008年7-11月和2010年7-11月,根据镇海地区的地形特征,选取9个样点对镇海工业园区的昆虫资源进行调查,并在每个样点选取不同的生境类型,包括林地、农田、人工苗圃、生态园和工厂区等5种具有代表性的生境类型。结合不同月份对该地区的昆虫种类及数量进行抽样统计和数据分析,以期为今后该地区昆虫多样性保护及害虫防治提供理论依据,并为合理利用和监测工业园区昆虫资源提供有价值的资料。主要研究结果如下：1.在对镇海工业园区昆虫群落的调查中,共采集昆虫11152号,隶属于13目,163科,433种。其中优势类群为：直翅目、鞘翅目、鳞翅目、半翅目、同翅目、膜翅目和双翅目。优势科为：叶甲科和瓢虫科(鞘翅目),蝽科和缘蝽科(半翅目),蛱蝶科、螟蛾科和灰蝶科(鳞翅目),蚱科(直翅目),叶蝉科和广翅蜡蝉科(同翅目),蚁科(膜翅目),食蚜蝇科(双翅目),螳科(螳螂目),蜻科和蟌科(蜻蜒目)等。优势种为：莴苣指管蚜(Uroleucon formosanum)、豆蚜(Aphis craccivora)、短额负蝗(Atractomorpha sinensis)、异色瓢虫(Harmonia axyridis)、白纹伊蚊(Aedes albopictus)、广二星蝽(Stollia ventralis)和稻棘缘蝽(Cletus punctiger)等。2.在不同功能类群中,从个体数看,植食性昆虫最占优势,约占昆虫总个体数的76.52%。而捕食性、粪食性、寄生性和其它类群在科数、种数和个体数上都较少。其中,植食性个体数与捕食性昆虫的比率接近7：1,推测植物受到了一定程度的危害。3.在不同月份对昆虫群落结构的调查中,发现8月的昆虫种类较为丰富,其次是7月,从10月到11月呈递减趋势。4.在对昆虫多样性的分析中发现,不同生境和不同月份昆虫的多样性指数与均匀度、丰富度指数的变化趋势基本一致,这表明了镇海工业园区昆虫群落结构比较稳定。不同生境的昆虫多样性指数由高到低为：人工苗圃>生态园>林地>工厂区>农田；不同月份的昆虫多样性指数由高到低为：7月～8月>10月>11月,并且2010年每月的多样性指数分别高于2008年每个月。5.各生境昆虫相似性比较结果为：5个生境昆虫群落之间的相似性较小。其中,相似性指数最高的是农田—生态园,为0.3356；最低的是林地—人工苗圃,为0.1772。可见,昆虫分布与环境的关系非常密切,不同环境对昆虫的多样性有着较显著的影响。总之,昆虫群落的变化特点受气候、植被等多种因素的影响而呈现出不同的变化规律。通过以上的研究,力图为昆虫多样性的保护,为有效的防治害虫提供科学根据,同时也为宁波镇海工业园区的建设提供合理化建议。更多还原

【Abstract】 Insect diversity is the important part of Biodiversity. Because of insects rich species, huge individual numbers, widespread and short life cycle, it’s the proper materials for biodiversity research and even better experimental materials for depth exploration of species diversity.Zhenhai is in the north of Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, it’s good place for biology research. In order to get the clear information of the insect resource and insect community structure of Zhenhai industrial estate in Ningbo,9 places were chosen for the survey depend on terrain feature of Zhenhai district during July to November 2008 and July to November 2010. Based on this,5 typical habitats were chosen:woodland, farmlands, artificial nursery, ecological park, industrial area, to sample and analysis numbers of species and individuals in each habitat type. This study was in order to provide scientific basis of insect diversity conservation and controlling pests, even more worth data for applying and monitoring the insect resource of industrial park. The findings are as below:1. The diversity of insect communities in Zhenhai industrial estate, Zhejiang province was investigated. A total of 11152 individuals belonging to 433 species,163 families,13 orders were recorded. The dominant groups were the Orthoptera, Coleoptera, Lepidoptera, Hemiptera, Homoptera, Hymenoptera and Diptera. The more dominant families of all orders were as follows:Chrysomelidae and Coccinellidae (Coleoptera); Pentatomidae and Coreidae (Hemiptera); Nymphalidae, Pyralidae and Lycaenidae (Lepidoptera); Tetrigidae (Orthoptera); Cicadellidae and Ricaniidae (Homoptera); Formicidae (Hymenoptera); Syrphidae (Diptera); Mantidae (Mantodea); Libellulidae and Coenafriidae (Odonata) etc. The dominant species were: Uroleucon formosanum, Aphis craccivora, Atractomorpha sinensis, Harmonia axyridis, Aedes albopictus, Stollia ventralis, Cletus punctiger and so on.2. Among different groups, phytophagous group was the most dominant one, approximately possess 76.52% individuals of all samples. Predatory, parasitic, coprophagy group and other groups were less on family, species and individual levels compared with phytophagous group. The proportion of phytophagous individuals to predatory individuals was nearly 7:1, it was supposed that plant had suffered certain damage.3. In different month, the species was the most diverse on August, secondly on July, from October to November showed decreasing trend.4. It was indicated that the trends of the changes in the biodiversity index was coincident with those of Pielou’ eveness index and Species richness, according to study on the insect diversity in habitats and months. It showed that the community structure of insect in Zhenhai industrial estate was steady. The species diversity in the different habitats:artificial nursery>ecological park>woodland>industrial area> farmlands. The temporal pattern of monthly species diversity was that:July～August> October>November. Moreover, the species diversity of each month in 2010 was higher than that in 2008.5. Based on the analysis of community similarity among each two habitats showed that the five communities were low similarity. Among them, the similarity index (Cs) was the highest (0.3356) between the farmland to the ecological park, and the lowest (0.1772) between the woodland to the artificial nursery. The tight correlation between the distribution of insects and habitat suggests that habitat type is an important factor in insect diversity.In summary, the change characteristic of insect community presented different regularity because of the affects of climates and vegetations. The studies of above aspects were attempted to offer some scientific foundations for protection of insect diversity, effective guard-against pest. Moreover, it can provide rationable proposal to construct Zhenhai industrial estate.更多还原