【作者】 李丽莎；

【导师】 傅京燕；

【作者基本信息】 暨南大学 ， 国际贸易学， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 本文对中国1996-2004年24个制造业的环境规制与产业国际竞争力的关系进行研究,重点构造了环境规制指标、产业国际竞争力指标以及污染强度指标,通过计算各行业的污染强度,将行业分为清洁行业和肮脏行业。在计量模型的设置方面,本文引入了环境规制的二次项以考察其对产业国际竞争力的双重影响,并考虑了影响产业国际竞争力的另一重要指标——要素禀赋指标,以隔离环境规制效应与要素禀赋效应。在实证分析部分,考虑到模型中存在的序列相关性问题以及内生性问题,本文采用计量软件Stata10.0进行FGLS回归估计、工具变量估计和稳健性检验,分析中国各制造业的国际竞争力受环境规制的影响情况。描述性分析认为,污染密集型行业的比较优势较低,表明我国污染密集型行业并不具有比较优势,并没有向国外大量销售污染密集型产品。因此,我国并不是西方国家的“污染避难所”。描述性分析也认为,环境规制较高的行业比较优势较低,同时,物质资本要素和人力资本要素较高的行业比较优势较低。这一观点在实证分析中得到了进一步证实,并得出结论：目前,我国各制造业的环境规制与产业国际竞争力呈负相关关系,但从长远来看,环境规制与产业国际竞争力呈“U”形关系,即在拐点之前,环境规制阻碍各制造业的国际竞争力的提高,而在跨过拐点之后,环境规制则促进产业国际竞争力的形成。更多还原

【Abstract】 This paper constructed a panel database of 24 manufacturing industries of China during 1996-2004. Using econometrical software Stata10.0, I made FGLS regression estimations, instrumental estimations and robust tests to analyze the relationship between environmental regulation and international competitiveness. I emphatically constructed indicators of environmental regulation, international competitiveness and pollution intensity, and according to the calculation of pollution intensity, I classified the industries into cleaning industries and pollutional industries. I introduced the square of environmental regulation into regression model in order to analyze the double effects on competitiveness, and also I introduced factor endowment indicators to differentiate environmental regulation effect and factor endowment effect.The descriptive analysis tells us that the higher the environmental regulation is, the lower international competitiveness is, and the physical and human capital intensive industries are less competitive. The empirical analysis also finds that the relationship between environmental regulation and international competitiveness is negative, but in the long run, the relationship will be the shape of "U", that is, before the point of inflexion, environmental regulation hinders the competitiveness, once after that point, environmental regulation will increase the competitiveness.更多还原