【作者】 蒋江峦；

【导师】 杨宇峰；

【作者基本信息】 暨南大学 ， 水生生物学， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 选择珠江广州河段(2010年1-12月),广州市东山湖、麓湖和流花湖(2010年1-6月)和汕头南澳养殖海域(2010年5月和9月)三种代表性水体,对其微表层富集作用进行了比较研究。测定指标包括氨氮(NH4+-N)、亚硝氮(NO2--N)、硝氮(NO3--N)、磷酸盐(PO4--P)、总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)、化学需氧量(CODMn)、叶绿素a(Chl-a)、Zn、Fe、Mn、Ni、Pb等环境因子。主要结果如下：1.广州河段二沙岛和鱼珠码头总氮浓度均值分别为7.87±4.87 mg/L和8.46±4.45mg/L,总磷浓度均值为0.53±0.40 mg/L和0.60±0.24 mg/L。广州河段溶解性无机氮(DIN)以NH4+-N为主,所占比例超过50%,其次为NO3--N, NO2--N含量最少。PO4--P含量在两站点变化规律相似,全年均值分别为0.15±0.08 mg/L和0.20±0.13 mg/L。有机污染呈现枯水期高丰水期低的规律,二沙岛和鱼珠码头年均值分别为7.70±0.86 mg/L和8.0g1.49mg/L。Chl-a含量为46.57±28.21 gg/L和47.28±27.11μg/L,细菌丰度为1.77×106±1.25×106/mL和2.11×106±1.16×106/mL。广州城市湖泊中,东山湖、麓湖和流花湖总氮浓度分别为4.30±1.77 mg/L、6.72±1.18mg/L和12.62±5.63 mg/L,总磷含量为东山湖>流花湖>麓湖。东山湖无机营养盐含量明显高于麓湖和流花湖,DIN和无机磷含量与麓湖和流花湖存在显著性差异(p<0.000)。流花湖CODKM含量最高,均值为17.02±3.49 mg/L,与其他两个湖泊存在显著性差异(p<0.000)。3个调查湖泊细菌丰度最低值均出现在5月；Chl-a变化规律不明显。南澳养殖海域总氮含量5月和9月均值分别为28.30±6.23 gmol/L和12.39±4.12μmol/L。总磷含量9月(2.41±0.51μmol/L)高于5月(1.02±0.21 gmol/L)。两次调查中,总氮和总磷的含量最高值均出现在鱼排养殖区。南澳海域DIN组成以硝氮为主,所占比例在57.1%—82.6%之间。南澳养殖区活性磷酸盐含量较低,5月和9月平均值分别为0.52±0.24μmol/L和0.54±0.31μmol/L。CODMn含量5月(均值2.62±0.28 mg/L)均低于9月(均值4.04±0.69mg/L),存在显著性差异(p<0.05)。2.NH4+-N和Chl-a在三种水体微表层均没有富集作用,富集系数分别为0.86±0.18和0.77±0.14。NO2--N和NO3--N在淡水和海水中富集系数差别不大。总氮、总磷、CODMn和细菌的富集系数如下,总氮：1.68±0.68(南澳)>1.30±0.76(湖泊)>1.10±0.47(珠江)；总磷：1.44±0.12(南澳)>1.33±0.58(湖泊)>1.13±0.66(珠江)；CODKM：1.78±0.69(南澳)>1.51±1.02(湖泊)>1.24±0.31(珠江)；细菌丰度：2.28±±0.93(南澳)>1.74±1.37(珠江)>1.50±1.04(湖泊)。微表层富集作用呈现海水大于淡水的规律。3.除Pb外,重金属在微表层均有不同程度的富集现象(Pb的富集系数为1.03±0.11)。其中Mn的富集系数最高,三种水体的均值为3.57±3.50。其中珠江为1.16±1.12,湖泊为5.27±4.51,南澳海域为3.27±2.42。三个湖泊中,麓湖Mn的富集系数高达10.48±3.92,导致湖泊平均富集系数最高。Fe的富集系数次之,珠江、湖泊和南澳海域分别为2.21±1.43、2.29±1.72和2.22±0.56,三种水体差别不大。Cr和Ni的富集系数分别为1.54±0.66(珠江)、1.22±0.14(湖泊)和1.33±0.53(南澳海域)；1.96±0.50(珠江)、1.41±0.16(湖泊)和1.78±0.47(南澳近海)更多还原

【Abstract】 The physiochemical parameters and enrichment effects of microlayer surface were studied at two stations of the Guangzhou segment of Pearl River(from January 2010 to Decembe 2010), three urban lakes(from January 2010 to June 2010) and mariculture zone in Nan’ao, Shantou(May 2010 and September 2010). Main parameters included ammonia nitrogen(NH4+-N), nitrite(NO2--N), nitrate(NO3--N), phosphate(PO4--P), total nitrogen(TN), total phosphorus(TP), chemical oxygen demand(CODMn),chlorophyll-a (Chl-a), bacteria, Zn, Fe, Mn, Ni and Pb. The primary results include:1. The concentrations of total nitrogen were 7.87±4.87 mg/L and 8.46±4.45 mg/L at Ersha Port and Yuzhu Port, and the concentrations of total phosphorus were 0.53±0.40 mg/L and 0.60±0.24 mg/L. The main inorganic nitrogen(DIN) was NH4+-N with the percentage over 50%. And the concentration of NO2- was least in DIN. The change of concentration of PO4--P was similar at two stations in Pearl River and the concentrations were 0.15±0.08 mg/L and 0.20±0.13 mg/L. Organic pollution in dry season was higher than wet season. The average concentrations of CODKM were 7.70±0.86 mg/L and 8.08±1.49 mg/L at Ersha Port and Yuzhu Port. The concentration of Chl-a were 46.57±28.21μg/L and 47.28±27.11μg/L. Bacterial abundance were 1.77×106±1.25×106/mL and 2.11×106±1.16×106/mL。The concentrations of TN were 4.30±1.77 mg/L,6.72±1.18 mg/L and 12.62±5.63 mg/L, respectively in Lu Lake, Dongshan Lake and Liuhua Lake. The concentration of TP of Dongshan Lake was the higest in three lakes, meanwhile the Lu Lake was the lowest. Inorganic nutrient of Donshan Lake was much higher than Lu Lake and Liuhua Lake(p<0.000). The concentration of Liuhua Lake was the highest in three urban lakes(p< 0.000). The minimum of Bacterial abundance of three lakes all were in May. The changes of Chl-a had no regularity.The concentrations of TN in Nan’ao mariculture in May and September were 28.30±6.23μmol/L and 12.39±4.12μmol/L. The concentration of TP in September was higher than May. Main inorganic nitrogen was NO3--N with the percentage was 57.1%-82.6%. The concentrations of PO4--P were 0.52±0.24μmol/L and 0.54±0.31μmol/L in May and September. The concentration of CODKM in May was lower than in September(p<0.05).2. Base on the survey data, microlayer surface had no enrichment effects on Chl-a and NH4+-N in different water bodys. The enrichment factors on NO2--N and NO3--N in fresh water and seawater were close. The enrichment factors on TN, TP, CODKM and bacterial in seawter were higher than in fresh water. There were reasons:salinity and bubbling effect caused the stronger enrichment effects on organic compounds and particulate matter in seawater than in fresh water.3. Six heavy metals were analied. Except Pb all of them were enriched in microlaye surface. The average enrichment factor Mn was 3.57±3.50.in three water body. The enrichment factor of Pearl River, lakes and fresh water were 1.16±1.12,5.27±4.51 and 3.27±2.42. The second one is Fe with the enrichment factor of 2.21±1.43,2.29±1.72 and 2.22±0.56, respectively. The average enrichment factors of Cr were 1.54±0.66(Pearl River),1.22±0.14(lakes) and 1.33±0.53(fresh water). The average enrichment factors of Ni were 1.96±0.50,1.41±0.16 and 1.78±0.47, respectively.更多还原