【作者】 范杰；

【导师】 赵艳秋；

【作者基本信息】 大连理工大学 ， 有机化学， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 超支化聚酰胺-胺(hb-PAMAM)分子构型为三维空间结构,高度支化,内层有空腔,分子中氨(胺)基官能团(伯胺、叔胺、酰胺等)的数目随着分子代数增加以几何级数增加,因此超支化聚酰胺-胺可作为金属离子的大容量络合剂和金属催化剂载体。本文采用ABX (x≥2, A, B为反应性基团)型单体缩聚法合成了超支化聚酰胺-胺(hb-PAMAM),并用分光光度法研究了hb-PAMAM与Cu2+、Co2+、Ni2+的配合过程,考察了各种条件对配位反应的影响。结果表明,随着金属离子盐与hb-PAMAM质量比的增加,配合物的最大吸收波长发生红移,对于Co2+/hb-PAMAM体系,出现了新的吸收峰；pH从9.02到3.00,配合物的最大吸收波长发生红移,吸收强度减弱,对于Co2+/hb-PAMAM,出现了新的吸收峰,该吸收峰向长波方向移动；温度升高使配合物的吸收光谱强度增强；配位过程速度快,室温下,在实验浓度范围内,hb-PAMAM与Cu2+、Co2+、Ni2+的配位反应1h内均达平衡。以硅烷偶联剂改性处理的氨化硅胶为核,加入ABx型单体,“一锅”合成以硅胶为基质的超支化聚酰胺-胺新型螯合树脂(SiO2-hb-PAMAM)。通过红外光谱(FT-IR)热重分析(TGA)、X-射线衍射仪(XRD)、比表面积分析仪进行了表征。研究了SiO2-hb-PAMAM对Cu2+、Ag+、Hg2+、Au3+等金属离子的静态饱和吸附容量、吸附动力学、吸附热力学和动态吸附性能,同时还研究了洗脱液对金属离子的洗脱效果及树脂的再生性能。静态实验结果表明,SiO2-hb-PAMAM对金属离子有强的螯合能力；吸附动力学符合G. E. Boyd方程,表明吸附过程属于液膜扩散控制机理；对Cu2+、Ag+、Hg2+、Au3+吸附过程的表观活化能分别为15.850 kJ.mol-1、0.269 kJ.mol-1、5.862 kJ.mol-1、5.641 kJ.mol-1,说明吸附容易进行。在实验浓度范围内,对Cu2+、Ag+、Hg2+、Au3+的吸附过程符合Langmuir模型,即单分子层吸附；热力学参数的计算显示吸附为吸热过程,升温有利于吸附；自由能的减小和熵值的增大是树脂吸附Cu2+、Ag+、Hg2+、Au3+的推动力。动态吸附实验结果表明,SiO2-hb-PAMAM对金属离子亦有强的螯合能力；动态吸附也属于液膜扩散控制机理。溶液的酸度对SiO2-hb-PAMAM的吸附性能有重要的影响。树脂经5%硫脲和一定浓度的HCl或HN03溶液洗脱即实现再生。更多还原

【Abstract】 Hyperbranched Polyamidoamine (hb-PAMAM) is perfect dendrimer, which have attracted considerable attention due to their remarkable properties such as three-dimensional branched nature, spherical structure and cavernous interior. It possess amide, tertiary, and primary amine groups arranged in regular "branched upon branched" patterns, which are displayed in geometrically progressive numbers as a function of generation. Thus, PAMAM dendrimers can serve as high capacity nanoscale containers for toxic metal ions.In this thesis, hyperbranched polyamidoamine (hb-PAMAM) were synthesized by polycondensation of AB2 type monomers. The effects of various conditions on the coordination reaction between hb-PAMAM and Co2+, Cu2+, and Ni2+ was then investigated via spectrophotometric method. The results indicate that as the mass ratio of CoCl2, CuSO4 and NiSO4 to hb-PAMAM increase, a red-shift of the maximum absorption wavelength were observed, while a new absorption peak was observed for Co2+/hb-PAMAM. When the pH value decreased from 9.02 to 3.00, the maximum absorption wavelength occurred red-shift distinctly and the the intensity of the absorption spectrum of the complex also decreased, while a new absorption peak was observed for Co+/hb-PAMAM and it shifted to longer wavelength. The absorption intensity of the complex was enhanced with increase of the reaction temperature. The speed of coordination reaction is fast, which had completed in one hour at room temperature in the experimental concentration range.A hyperbranched polyamidoamine resin grafted on silica(SiO2-hb-PAMAM) was prepared via a one-pot polycondensation of N,N-diaminoethyl-3-amino methyl propionate on the surface of silica-gel, which was modified with amino group containing silane coupling agent and hence could initiated the polycondensation. The resulting product was characterized by FT-IR, XRD, N2 sorption experiments and TG. Then, its adsorption properties, including static adsorption capacity, adsorption kinetics, adsorption thermodynamics and dynamic adsorption for Cu2+, Ag+, Hg2+ and Au3+ ions in water were investigated. The results show that this resin exhibited excellent chelating capacity for selected metal ions. The adsorption kinetics followed G. E. Boyd equation, that is, controlled by liquid film diffusion. In addition, the apparent activation energy of the adsorption process for Cu2+, Ag+, Hg2+ and Au3+ ions were 15.850 kJ.mol-1,0.269 kJ.mol-1,5.862 kJ.mol-1 and 5.641 kJ.mol-1, respectively, suggesting that the adsorption is very easy. While the adsorption thermodynamics corresponded with Langmuir model, namely, belonged to monolayer adsorption. The thermodynamic parameters were calculated and then revealed that the adsorption process was an endothermic process, indicating that increasing temperature was beneficial to the adsorption. The decrease of free energy and the increase of entropy is the impetus of adsorption.The dynamic adsorption experiments indicate that SiO2-hb-PAMAM also exhibited excellent chelating capacity for Cu2+, Ag+, Hg2+ and Au3+ ions, showing that the adsorption process was following liquid film diffusion mechanism. Acid concentrtation and pH value have an important effect on sorption properties. When the solution of 5% thiourea in HCl or HNO3 was employed as the desorption medium, the resin can be regenerated.更多还原