【作者】 王景萍；

【导师】 罗应立；

【作者基本信息】 华北电力大学（北京） ， 电机与电器， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 随着科学技术的发展,在许多情况下需要电动机能够直接输出低转速大转矩。对于一般的同步或异步电动机,增加极对数可以达到降低转速的要求,但是,电机的体积和重量增加,降低了电机的利用程度,力能指标也变坏,因此,这种方法只适用于一定的转速范围。一般的直流电动机,有很好的调速特性和力能指标,但是,在低速时往往出现力矩波动和转速波动,同时直流电动机的运行坏境以及检查维护等方面的因素使得直流电动机的使用往往受到限制。为了得到低转速、大转矩,过去一般采用机械减速器减速的办法,该方法存在许多的问题和弊端。因此,科学技术的发展提出了研究和生产各种低速电动机的任务。反应式低速同步电机是一种新型磁阻同步电机。本论文介绍了反应式低速同步电机的结构、工作原理以及气隙磁导波,推导出电磁转矩的表达式。给出了反应式低速电动机的电压方程式,磁链方程式以及转矩方程式；通过对反应式低速电动机转矩表达式的分析,得到电机参数对转矩特性的影响。在反应式低速同步电机的时步有限元计算中,首先利用ANSYS软件对该电机进行处理,得到节点文件和单元文件；然后在给定电压和转矩的情况下经过磁路计算得到电机的参数,这两个文件以及电机的参数作为时步有限元计算程序的输入；最后介绍了场路耦合时步有限元计算电机动态特性的计算流程。利用时步有限元的方法对反应式减速同步电机的启动过程进行了计算,发现电机有震荡以及异步运行现象。对此进行了深入的理论分析与探讨,揭示了转子在非同步速运行时,气隙基波磁场与定子的相对运动产生的异步转矩是造成这种现象的根本原因,并且推到出异步转矩计算的公式。最后提出了改进启动性能的措施。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the development of science and technology, industrial production needs the motor that can directly output low speed and high torque in many cases. For the general synchronous or asynchronous motors, increase of pole pairs reaches the required decrease of motor speed, but the size and weight of the motor is increased, the level of utilization is lower. Power index is also worse, therefore, this method applies only to certain speed range. DC(direct current) motors in general have good speed characteristics and power index, however, fluctuation of torque and speed often appears in low-speed operation. Meanwhile, the use of DC motors has been restricted because of operation environment and maintenance factors. In order to obtain low-speed and large torque, the method of deceleration using mechanical gear reducer was adopted in the past, it has many problems and defects. So development of science and technology has proposed the task of research and production of various low-speed motors.Reactive low-speed synchronous motor is a new type of magnetic resistance synchronous motor. This paper describes structure、working principle and air-gap magnetic presences wave of reactive low-speed synchronous motor, the expression of electromagnetic torque is derived. Voltage equation, flux equation and torque equation are given in the paper; the motor parameters have an effect on the torque characteristics by analyzing voltage equation of reactive low-speed synchronous motor.In the time-step finite element calculation of reactive low-speed synchronous motor.Firstly, using ANSYS software for processing of the motor gets node files and unit files; and then, parameters of the motor are calculated through the magnetic method in the case of voltage and torque given, two documents and the motor parameters are used as the input of the time-step finite element calculation; at last, this paper describes the field-circuit coupled time stepping finite element method calculation of the dynamic characteristics of the motor process. The method of the time-step finite element applied to calculate start-up process of reactive low-speed synchronous motor. Calculation shows that both oscillation and asynchronous operation may occur. Focusing on these problems, theoretical research draws that the asynchronous torque, induced from relative motion between air-gap fundamental magnetic field and stator while the speed offsets from the synchronous one, is the essential reason.Moreover,formulas of asynchronous torque is deduced.The proposals aimed to improve the motor’s start-up performance are mentioned.更多还原