【作者】 王涛；

【导师】 叶卫平； 程旭东；

【作者基本信息】 武汉理工大学 ， 材料加工工程， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 随着能源和环境问题的日益严峻,太阳能热利用技术在工业上的应用成为人们关注的焦点。太阳能热利用中的太阳能选择性吸收涂层制备技术是太阳能热利用的关键技术之一。本文分类总结了中高温选择性吸收涂层的基本类型、作用机理和制备方法的同时,介绍了国内外科研工作者的研究工作和最新成果,并设计研制了黑镍、黑铬两种太阳能选择性吸收涂层,并对其选择性吸收机理进行了探讨。本论文通过分析选择性吸收涂层的基本类型,结合实验室实际制备条件,设计了黑镍、黑铬选择性吸收涂层结构,选择了较为合适的选择性吸收涂层红外反射层(银)。实验过程为采用电镀方法在黄铜基体表面电化学沉积黑镍、黑铬涂层,并分别研究电镀时间、电流密度以及光亮银底层等工艺参数对这两种选择性涂层的吸收率a及发射率ε的影响,最后获得了较为适宜的制备条件。本论文采用SEM、EDS、XRD以及选择性因子(α/ε)等方法对涂层进行表征,对黑镍、黑铬涂层的表面形貌、表面元素组成以及其相结构进行了分析,并通过涂层截面SEM对涂层厚度以及其对于涂层选择吸收性的影响进行了探索,同时本文就黑镍、黑铬涂层的选择性机理进行了论述。本论文的创新点在于：(1)采用预镀银作为红外反射层,其具有优良的导热性、耐腐蚀性,且具有优秀的光谱反射性,镀层与基体结合良好,同时镀银工艺还存在工艺简单且稳定易控制、残留镀液易于清理等优点,是本实验的理想选择；(2)获得了工艺稳定的具有实用价值的黑镍太阳能选择性吸收涂层(a=0.90,ε=0.06,α/ε=15)；(3)论证了黑镍、黑铬涂层的选择性吸收机理(干涉型和表面结构型),并提出改善其选择性的可行性方案。更多还原

【Abstract】 In recent years, Solar thermal utilization in industry application have gain more and more attention as the energy and environmental problems been getting more and more serious, and solar spectrum selective absorbing coatings are the key technology in solar thermal utilization. This thesis summarized the basic types of solar spectrum selective absorbing coatings, their absorption mechanism and preparation methods and introduce the research work and new results of many scientific groups at home and abroad. Furthermore, this thesis studied on black nickel & chrome solar selective absorbing coatings by plating method, and discussed their absorption mechanisms.According to the five basic absorption mechanisms, combined with the practical preparation conditions, this thesis designed the structure of black nickel & chrome selective coating and chosen the proper material for the selective coating (silver). The brief experimental process is to plate black nickel & chrome on H85 copper alloy, and study the effects of Plating time/Current density/Bright silver bottom-coating’s presence or absence on the two coating’s solar selectivity and finally a reasonable processing parameters of black nickel selective coating was proposed.This thesis characterized these selective coatings by surface SEM & EDS, XRD and the solar selectivity (α/ε), studied the effect of thickness on the coating’s selectivity through cross-section SEM and meanwhile discussed the difference between the two coating’s absorption mechanisms.The creativity of this thesis lies in:(1) Bright silver was adopted as the reflecting bottom for the solar selective coating, because of its advantage in Heat resistance、Corrosion resistance and excellent spectral reflection, plus the good combination with the substrate, the simple and stable processing parameters and the simplicity of cleaning-up of the residual solution; (2) one reasonable and stable processing parameters of black nickel selective coating was proposed(α=0.90,ε=0.06,α/ε=15); (3) the absorption mechanisms of black chrome selective coating was proved (Interference-structured selective coating & Surface-structured selective coating), and some reasonable schemes to prove the selectivity were proposed.更多还原