【作者】 李演楷；

【导师】 张云辉；

【作者基本信息】 吉林大学 ， 机械工程， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 光学精密测量相比传统的测量方式具有非接触性、高灵敏度、高精度及快速与实时性等优点,在科学研究、工业生产、空间技术、国防等领域得到了广泛应用,是一种非常先进的测量技术。基于三角测量法的激光位移传感器近年来得到了快速发展,在零件的尺寸测量,三维轮廓测量,产品质量检测等领域极大的提高了测量效率和精度。利用激光位移传感器对零件进行非接触式测量是光学精密测量领域的重要研究内容,其采用激光三角法测量原理：测量系统发出的激光束经过聚焦后照射到被测物体表面,经漫反射后光线由成像透镜成像到光敏元件接受面上,通过光电转换器转换为电信号,电信号的输出大小仅与被测点的位置有关,当测点高度发生变化,像点位置随之改变,引起传感器输出信号发生变化。激光三角位移传感器测量零件时受零件表面特性：表面粗糙度、表面颜色、表面倾斜角等影响较大,测量之前对各种影响因素进行实验研究,分析其对测量精度的影响规律。测量盘形凸轮廓线时以测量角最小原则合理的布置激光位移传感器,通过计算确定传感器的安装位置及角度。本文的主要工作如下：1.根据被测物体表面的不同特性,对激光位移传感器进行了实验研究,重点分析了被测物体表面粗糙度、倾斜角、表面曲率等对测量结果的影响规律,并找出相应的措施减少测量误差。2.建立盘形凸轮廓线测量模型,对激光位移传感器的安装位置和角度进行精确计算,通过模拟分析了测量盘形凸轮廓线的可行性,对传感器测量值和凸轮廓线参数之间的关系进行了推理,最后完成静态测量实验及数据处理。更多还原

【Abstract】 Compared to traditional measurement, because it’s non-contact, high sensitivity, fast and real-time and high accuracy, optical precision measurement has been widely used in scientific research, industrial production, space technology and defense, it is a very advanced measurement techniques. Laser displacement sensor based on triangulation has been rapidly developed in recent years and its application is extremely broad. In detecting the size of the part, three-dimensional profile measurement, product quality inspection and other areas, the method greatly improved the efficiency and accuracy of industrial production. It is an important research area using laser displacement sensor in non-contact measurement of parts. The technology uses laser triangulation measurement principle, the focused laser beam from the sensor emitted to the object surface, the light is diffused and reflected to the test surface through the imaging lens.The output signal of sensor only have relations with the position of measured points, when the surface height of point changes, the image point of sensor also changes accordingly, causing the sensor output signal changes.In the measurement of part by laser triangulation displacement sensor, surface characteristics:roughness, surface color, surface tilt angle, they have greet impact on measurement accuracy. Before measuring the part, make experimental study for various factors, analyzes the law to affect the measurement precision. When measure the cam profile, make reasonable arrangement of the laser displacement sensor, minimize the measurement error by calculating the installation position and angle.The main work of this paper is as follows:1.According to different characteristics of the measuring surface, the laser displacement sensor was studied by experiment. Analyze the law of the measurement results caused by surface roughness, tilt angles, and surface curvature of object and find the appropriate measures to reduce measurement error. 2-Developed the model for measuring disk-shaped cam profile, made accurate calculation for mounting position and angle of laser displacement sensor, simulated feasibility of the measurement, and reasoned the relationship between the measurements and parameters of cam profile. Proceeded non-contact static measurement to cam profile based on the calibration results of the sensor and processed the data.更多还原