节点文献
柽柳引种和新品种选育研究
Study on the Species Introduction and Breeding of New Cultivars in Tamarix Chinensis
【作者】 何洪兵；
【导师】 曹帮华；
【作者基本信息】 山东农业大学 ， 农业推广， 2010， 硕士
【摘要】 东营市地处渤海之滨,黄河入海口,植被生态系统脆弱、水资源短缺、土壤含盐量高导致森林覆盖率低。尽管近十年来我省在盐碱地植被恢复和造林技术方面做了大量研究工作,但柽柳资源的引进、优良品种选育以及开发利用几乎是空白。开展柽柳树种引进和新品种选育研究,将丰富黄河三角洲地区柽柳树种资源,为滨海盐碱地区选育更多的适生树种或品种,为柽柳的开发利用提供重要物质基础和理论依据。本研究通过对国内柽柳资源的调查研究,从中选择13种作为引种对象,于1998年3月从新疆吐鲁番中国科学院生物土壤沙漠研究所引进种条,加上本地选出的2个变异单株(分别编号为东柽1号和东柽2号),以中国柽柳为对照进行育苗、造林试验。育苗试验发现中国、东柽1号、甘蒙、甘肃、东柽2号、多枝、多花7种柽柳有较高的扦插成活率,它们之间没有显著差异,其扦插成活率达到80%以上。说明这7种柽柳有较好的扦插繁殖能力,容易无性繁殖,并且对本地的气候、土壤条件有较强的适应性。3种浓度的ABT1号生根粉处理扦插成活率也存在显著差异,100 mg/kg处理后平均成活率最高为65.2%。通过对16种柽柳3地点造林当年成活率、第3年和第4年的保存率统计分析得出,东柽1号、东柽2号和中国柽柳有很高的造林成活率和保存率。4年生时东柽1号存活率达93.3~88.3%,东柽2号存活率达91.7%~88.3%,中国柽柳的存活率为90.0%~83.3%,它们对黄河三角洲滨海盐碱地区的立地条件有较好的适应能力。从造林后4年生的生长情况看,东柽2号、东柽1号和中国柽柳的高生长量排前3位,其中东柽2号的高生长最快,平均高度比中国柽柳大36%,东柽1号的平均高度比中国柽柳大17.6%。东柽1号、东柽2号和多花柽柳的粗生长列前3位,中国柽柳位居第4。柽柳的树高和地径2个生长性状有很高的遗传力,说明柽柳的生长量受高强度遗传控制,受环境影响较小。对16种柽柳3地点4年生时的存活率、树高和地径生长量进行综合评价,结果为东柽1号和东柽2号的综合计算值最高,分别列第1位和第2位,中国柽柳列第3位。通过多点多年试验,对引进的13种柽柳和本地的中国柽柳及2个无性系的存活率和生长情况进行综合分析评价,得出从本地选出的东柽1号和东柽2号柽柳无性系表现最好,显著优于中国柽柳,可作为优良品种推广应用。多花和甘蒙柽柳是表现最好的2个引进种类,在本地有较高的造林存活率和生长量,可做为引种成功的柽柳资源进行推广应用。
【Abstract】 Dongying is situated on the coast of Bohai sea and the estuary of Huanghe river. Defect of fresh water and excessive salt in the soil lead to the poor natural vegetation. Species introduction and breeding of new cultivars of Tamarix chinensis do not carried out till now, although a lot of research work has been done on the selection of salt tolerant plants.In this study, 13 species of Tamarix chinensis and two local mutants have been selected as the candidates for the identification of better cultivars. T.chinensis Lour. was used as the control. Seven species have higher survival rate (>80%) of cottage, indicating that they have better performance on vegetative propagation and adaptability to the local environment and soil condition. Dongsheng 1, Dongsheng 2 and Zhongguoshengliu have high survival rate by analysis of the first, third and fourth year’s survival rates of the 16 species planting at three regions.The survival rates of Dongsheng 1 and Dongsheng 2 at the fourth year of forestation are above 88.3%. Zhongguoshengliu is above 83.3%. The height of Dongsheng 1, Dongsheng 2 and Zhongguoshengliu grows rapidly than the others at the fourth year of forestation. Dongsheng 2 is 36% higher than Zhongguoshengliu, while Dongsheng 1 is 17.6% higher than Zhongguoshengliu. Dongsheng 1, Dongsheng 2 and Duohuashengliu show high growth rates on the thickness. The height and stem base have high heritability, suggesting that the difference on the growth of the species was mainly controlled by the inheritance. Dongsheng 1, Dongsheng 2 and Duohuashengliu gain higher scores by multiple analysis of the survival rate, height and stem base. Dongsheng 1 and Dongsheng 2 can act as improved strains for the spreading. Duohuashengliu and Ganmengshengliu are two introduced species show better performance in Dongying district, which can be used as the successful introduced species for spreading.