【作者】 宋涛；

【导师】 张晓辉；

【作者基本信息】 山东农业大学 ， 农业机械化工程， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 烟草是我国的主要经济作物之一,目前全国烟叶种植面积近2000万亩,每年为我国带来可观的经济效益。目前,我国烟草种植田间管理机械仍旧缺乏,特别是在打顶作业环节费时费力,不利于烟草行业的发展。随着烟草行业的不断发展,烟草生产管理过程的机械化及智能化是不可阻挡的趋势。本文以实现烟田智能化打顶为目标,研制一种烟田智能打顶机。该打顶机是集打顶、消毒、抑芽和烟芽收集于一身;烟草植株高度自动识别、抑芽剂自动定位喷施的智能化、精准化全自动的作业机。本文进行打顶机的总体设计及其关键部件的研究和计算机模拟研究,主要开展以下研究工作:(1)总体结构和动力系统设计在比较国内外烟草打顶机械研究现状的基础上,结合烟田实际工作环境,最终确定打顶机的总体结构和动力系统。该动力系统以蓄电池和2ZYLJ-1型履带式多功能作业机作为动力源。(2)打顶系统和提升系统设计打顶系统采用垂直切割方式,割刀切线方向与机组前进方向相同,通过试验确定打顶需要的功率和最合适的转速。参照常见提升方式,设计出卷轴提升系统。运用有限元分析软件ANSYS对关键零部件进行应力分析及变形分析,得到了应力云图、应变云图,对零部件进行了优化设计。(3)吹风系统的优化设计通过试验确定吹风系统中风机出风口的参数,通过计算确定风机的风量与风压。运用计算流体动力学软件FLUENT分析出风口气流的大小与方向,对风机出风口结构进行了优化设计。(4)样机试制和试验分析在理论分析的基础上,完成了样机二维和三维图的绘制,并完成了样机的生产试制和田间试验。所研制的打顶机试验表明,该机能够满足烟草田间打顶作业要求,打顶效率高,伤叶率低,抑芽喷洒精确定量,实现了烟草田间智能化打顶和抑芽。更多还原

【Abstract】 Tobacco, an important cash crop, brings considerable economic benefits to our country every year. The topping operation is still carried out manually, which seriously retards the development of tobacco industry and discourages the farmers due to time consuming. With the continuous development of tobacco industry, the tendency of mechanization in production and management process is irresistible, among which tobacco topping machine is an essential part.This project aims at developing an intelligent and precise topping machine which integrates topping disinfection with sprout collection, automatic height identification with suckericides spraying.Theoretical analysis and computer simulation of the main computers were investigated in this graduation thesis, and accordingly, the research was conducted as follow:(1) Design of overall structure and power system.The intelligent machine used in the study was designed based on the findings of the previous researches carried out in China and abroad. Overall structure and power system were analyzed(2) Design of topping and lifting device.After analyzing the characteristics of several topping methods, we are determined to regard the vertical cutting with high-speed rotating cutter as the mode. With the aid of kinematic theory, we can draw the cutter’s motion parameter equations and analyze motion properties. Analyzing the characteristics of several lifting methods, besides, using ANSYS to analyze the stress and deformation of important components, we can achieve optimal design of them.(3) Analysis of draught airflow system.Measure the parameter of outlet with test. Blowing rate and air pressure were counted. Besides, using FLUENT to analyze the vector of velocity in aim to optimize the structure of air outlet(4) Manufacture of model machine and field trial.Two and three dimensional charts of the prototype are drawn based on theoretical analysis. Meanwhile, production trial and field test have been implemented, which proves that the tobacco topping machine can meet the operational requirements of field topping with its auto-identification of plants’height and self-adjustment of topping position. Mechanization of the topping and restraining buds process achieves high efficiency in topping, lower leaf injury and precise suckercides spraying.更多还原