【作者】 邓铁人；

【导师】 闵春雷；

【作者基本信息】 吉林大学 ， 法律， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 刑事被害人国家补偿制度是指国家对遭受犯罪行为侵害又没有能够从犯罪人那里得到充分、实际赔偿的被害人及其近亲属,通过法律程序给予其一定的物质补偿的制度。刑事案件的被害人几乎都受到不同程度的人身、财产和精神上的损害。这些损害本应当得到相应的赔偿,但是在司法实践中,犯罪人往往经济能力非常有限,法院在对刑事附带民事案件的民事部分进行判决时,因为会考虑到犯罪人的实际赔偿能力,可能对被害人的赔偿请求不予支持或者仅仅判令被告人象征性地赔偿一部分。即便法院判决由被告人赔偿被害人的全部损失,在实践中也很难得到全部执行,这对被害人来说是非常不公平的。建立刑事被害人国家补偿制度是解决被害人权利保护问题的一个有效途径。世界上已经有许多国家和地区建立了刑事被害人国家补偿制度,这对我国建立刑事被害人国家补偿制度具有较强的参考价值,为我国提供了非常宝贵的经验。本文共分四章,简述如下:第一章是刑事被害人国家补偿制度概述。本章提出刑事被害人国家补偿的定义,分析刑事被害人国家补偿制度的历史,研究了两个与刑事被害人国家补偿制度密切相关的两个问题:刑事附带民事诉讼和恢复性司法,阐述我国构建刑事被害人国家补偿制度的必要性和可行性,并分析了我国的立法现状。第二章是刑事被害人国家补偿制度的理论学说和价值分析。这部分对刑事被害人国家补偿制度的多种理论学说进行了阐释,并在此基础上提出了“以国家责任说为主导、社会福利说和社会保险说为补充”,并以此作为我国刑事被害人国家补偿制度的理论基础,对刑事被害人国家补偿制度进行价值分析:实现社会公平正义与实现国家对被害人和被告人权利保障的平衡。第三章是我国刑事被害人国家补偿制度的基本原则。主要包括以下五个原则,即公平正义原则,先赔后补、及时补偿原则,以赔偿为主、补偿为辅原则,限制补偿原则以及正当程序原则。第四章是我国刑事被害人国家补偿制度的立法设计。这部分从我国的实际情况出发,对我国的立法模式与立法进度、补偿的对象的范围和条件、补偿方式和补偿标准、补偿资金的来源与管理、补偿机构的设置以及补偿程序等几个方面进行科学合理的设计。更多还原

【Abstract】 The State Criminal Victim Compensation System refers to that the state, through the legal process, gives a certain amount of compensation to the crime-encroached victims or their close relatives whose damages are not compensated adequately. Almost all the victims have suffered physical, mental or property damage in the criminal cases. The perpetrators should compensate the damage appropriately. But almost all the perpetrators lack the economic capacity. In judicial practice, the court often refuses to support the victim’s requests for compensation or simply orders the defendant to compensate the victims a part of damage symbolically. Even if the court verdicts the perpetrator compensate all the loss of the victims, the sentence can hardly be completely implemented in practice. It is extremely unfair to the victims. It is an effective way to establish the state compensation system to solve the right protection problem of the victims. Many countries or areas have already established the state compensation systems which have provided valuable experience for us to reference.The full text can be divided into five chapters, the summary is as follows:The first chapter is the outline of the State Criminal Victim Compensation System. This chapter defines the State Criminal Victim Compensation System. It also analyzes the history of the State Criminal Victim Compensation System and expounds the necessity and feasibility of establishing the State Criminal Victim Compensation System in our country. Then investigates two problems which are nearly interrelated to this system: Incidental Civil Action and Restorative Justice. At last it analyzes the current legislation circumstances of this system.The second chapter tells the theories and the valuations of the State Criminal Victim Compensation System. On the basis of introducing and explaining many theories of the State Criminal Victim Compensation System, the writer presents a proposal,“With the State responsibility as the main body, supplemented by the social insurance and social welfare.”Then regard it as the theory basis of Chinese State Criminal Victim Compensation System to analyze the value of this system: to realize social justice and balance the rights between the victims and the defenders.The third chapter introduces the basic principles to build a State Criminal Victim Compensation System in China. They mainly include five basic principles: the principle of fairness and justice, the principle of the perpetrators compensate in time first then the country, the principle of the perpetrators recompense as the main idea added with the country, the principle of restriction compensate and proper procedure principle.The forth chapter is the legislation design of our country. This fraction sets out from the situation of our country, it ranges the legalization mode and legalization progress in our country, The range and condition of the compensation object, compensation mode and standard, the capital source of compensation and supervision of the capital and the compensation procedure.更多还原