两种消费思想的理论路径

【作者】 张倩；

【导师】 范燕宁；

【作者基本信息】 首都师范大学 ， 马克思主义哲学， 2011， 硕士

【副题名】马克思消费思想与早期鲍德里亚消费思想比较研究

【摘要】 资本主义社会经济的发展使得社会处于明显的转型时期,一些西方马克思主义学者看到了当前资本主义社会发生的巨大变化,认为当今资本主义社会已经进入到了消费社会,让·鲍德里亚(Jean Baudrillard)可以说是其中一位具有代表性的人物。鲍德里亚分析当前资本主义社会的消费现象并提出了自己独特的符号消费思想,与此同时,他对马克思相关理论的质疑,也引起了众多马克思主义研究者的注意,而对于早期鲍德里亚与马克思消费思想的比较研究可以进一步明晰马克思与鲍德里亚两种消费思想的不同路径,从而正确认识鲍德里亚的消费思想,树立马克思理论的科学性。本文将马克思与早期鲍德里亚两种消费思想进行梳理：马克思处在早期资本主义时期,他从历史唯物主义出发,描述了资本主义私有制下生产逻辑中的消费；而鲍德里亚生活在物质资料极为丰富的现代资本主义社会,他从对物的研究开始,在消费的逻辑下强调了消费的符号意义。马克思与鲍德里亚从不同的背景和语境出发,对消费进行了不同角度的异化批判,并最终走向了不同的发展方向。但二者在对于资本主义社会关系的揭示上却有着相似的地方,即消费实际上成为了资产阶级控制无产阶级的一种手段,这是资本主义社会中必然存在的生产关系。本文通过这一比较研究分析认为,马克思始终站在唯物史观的角度去分析问题,研究消费,因此,他能够从本质上认识消费,并指出资本主义社会中资本控制下剥削的实质与根源；而鲍德里亚在出发点上过分关注物的非功能性,最终陷入符号消费的逻辑,虽然他看到了资本主义社会的剥削实质,但是由于其分析问题的片面性和孤立性导致了理论上的局限性。他以自己的消费社会逻辑去颠覆马克思的理论的企图失败了,也更加证明了马克思理论的科学性。更多还原

【Abstract】 The development of capitalist social economic made the social transformation period. Some western marxist scholars saw the great changes of capitalist society and thought today’s capitalist society had entered a consumer society. Jean Baudrillard can be said to be one of the representative scholar. Baudrillard analysised current capitalist society consumption phenomenon and put forward his own unique idea of symbol consumption. Meanwhile, he questioned on Marx related theory caused many marxist scholars’ attention. Baudrillard and Marx comparative study of consumption thought can be further clear two kinds of different consumption thoughts’ theory path, then, correctly understanding Baudrillard consumption thought, establish the scientific of Marxist theory.This thesis will comb two consumption thought of Marx and early Baudrillard:Marx in the period of early capitalism, he started from the historical materialism and described the consumption of production logic in capitalist private ownership. Baudrillard lived in the modern capitalist society with rich material goods, he started his research by studing of goods and emphasize the symbolic significance of consumer in consumption logic. Marx and Baudrillard started from different context and background, animadverted on consumption alienation at a different angle and lead to different development direction. But they had the similarity on revealing the social relations of capitalism, that is consumption had became a way of the bourgeoisie control proletarian, this is the inevitable relations of production in capitalist society.Through the comparative research this thesis thinks, Marx standed in the angle of historical materialism to analysising question and researching consumption. So, he can know the consumption essentially and pointed out the essence and root of exploitation controlled by capital in capitalist society. And Baudrillard focused too much on non-functional of good, so that he ran into symbol consumption logic. Though he had saw the exploitation parenchyma of the capitalist society, for his study was one-sided and isolated, his theory was strait. He was failed in using his own consumer society logic to replace Marx’s theory, and it further proofed the scientific of Marx’s theory.更多还原