【作者】 杨力；

【导师】 王晓纯； 李月恒；

【作者基本信息】 北方工业大学 ， 机械电子工程， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 当前铝电解的生产流程主要分为焙烧、启动和正常生产三个阶段,而焙烧阶段尤为重要,焙烧质量的好坏直接影响到以后铝电解的正常生产。目前国内众多铝厂多采用具有竞争力的焦炭床焙烧方法,整个焙烧过程仍然采用工人手工焊接和拆除分流器,焙烧过程中产生的大量数据采用人工记录,这样不仅操作繁杂、控制精度低,而且数据记录准确度难以保证,不利于以后分析处理。本论文针对中国铝业贵州分公司的焙烧现状,提出并设计了一套电解槽焙烧分流装置及其控制系统。论文首先分析总结了国内外铝厂电解槽的焙烧控制方法,结合贵州铝厂是采用焦炭床焙烧方法的实际状况以及焙烧质量的评价标准,设计了整套焙烧分流控制系统的硬件,在分析了硬件的操作性和可靠性之后实现了硬件的选型以及具体实现功能,为之后的系统软件部分开发缩短周期奠定了基础,并设计给出了系统硬件的接线图。其次在结合控制系统硬件功能之后实现了系统软件的功能,包括上位机监控系统——采用西门子公司WinCC组态软件开发,并详述了其具体开发流程及具体实现功能；下位机PLC程序采用Step7开发设计,使用梯形图和语句表设计了功能程序和错误诊断程序,并利用仿真模拟器测试了软件功能。最后,针对焙烧控制电解槽温度这个核心控制变量,建立了温度控制算法。对铝电解槽这个大惯性大滞后的控制对象,采用实验法确定了其控制模型；并采用PID控制方法整定控制模型的特性参数,通过在MATLAB/Simulink建模仿真中最终确定采用PI控制器,结合温度分区算法和负荷均匀算法实现了铝电解槽焙烧温度控制。更多还原

【Abstract】 At present, the production process of electrolytic aluminum is divided into three stages, baking, starting up and regular production, thus baking stage is particularly important, because baking quality directly affects regular production of electrolytic aluminum. Now lots of domestic aluminum industries adopt competitive methods of coke-bed roasting, still using welding and dismounted the shunts by hand during the whole process of baking, and manual recording large amounts of data, which is not only complicated in operation, low exact in control, but also difficult to ensure accuracy of recording data and not favored to analysis and processing afterwards. Aiming at the present baking situation in Chalco Guizhou Branch, this paper proposed and designed a set of baking shunts device and its control system in aluminum reduction cells.Firstly, this paper analyzes and summarizes method of baking control in aluminum industry at home and abroad, together with actual baking situation in Chalco Guizhou Branch as well as evaluation criteria of baking quality, devising the hardware of the whole baking control system, realizing hardware selection and concrete function after analyzing operability and reliability. These are laid foundation for shorter development period of software, and designing and providing wiring diagram of system hardware.Secondly, this paper provides software selection and function after reference to the function of control system hardware, including monitoring system of the upper machine, which is developed with Siemens WinCC configuration software, and PLC program of lower machine which developed with Step7. Paper describes development process and function in detail, functional programs and fault diagnosis procedures are designed with ladder and statement table. Meanwhile, the function of software is tested by the simulator.Finally, focusing on the core control variable of temperature in aluminum reduction cell, this paper provides the establishment of temperature control algorithm. The control model of cell is based on experiments in terms to the big inertia of electrolytic cell control target. Characteristic parameters of control model are settled according to PID control method, PI controller is adopted through model simulation in MATLAB/Simulink, ultimately achieving baking temperature control after combined with temperature zoning algorithm and load equalization algorithm.更多还原