【作者】 张浩然；

【导师】 赵耀江；

【作者基本信息】 太原理工大学 ， 安全技术及工程， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 煤矿瓦斯事故是最严重的矿井自然灾害之一,它也是长期制约着我国乃至全世界煤矿安全生产工作的“瓶颈”。近年来,尽管国内外专家、学者对其防治工作进行了较为深入的研究和探索,并取得了很大的技术突破,但由于实际生产过程中影响煤矿瓦斯赋存、分布、涌出、运移和流动规律的因素较多(如煤吸附常数、煤层孔隙率、煤层瓦斯压力、煤层透气性系数、煤的变质程度、煤层厚度、煤层埋深、采动裂隙的大小、上覆基岩厚度和水文地质条件等),想要准确得到矿井瓦斯的分布和运移规律、预测矿井瓦斯涌出量和定位合理有效的瓦斯抽采钻孔位置都存在一定难度。本文通过大量了解国内外相关文献资料和规范规程,在借鉴、归纳和总结前人对瓦斯抽采技术研究的基础之上,依据所要研究矿井的实际情况,通过基础理论分析、建立数学模型,实验室模拟和现场实际测定等手段：首先分析了矿井瓦斯地质赋存和分布特征、影响瓦斯涌出因素和煤层瓦斯受采动影响后的运移规律等方面问题。其次建立了具有连续性和动态特征的煤矿瓦斯涌出量分源预测数学模型,即综采工作面瓦斯涌出量预测模型(开采层瓦斯涌出量和邻近层瓦斯涌出量)、掘进工作面瓦斯涌出量预测模型(煤壁瓦斯涌出量和落煤瓦斯涌出量)和采空区瓦斯涌出量预测模型。经计算,初步预测出所研究煤矿生产初期的绝对瓦斯涌出量为91.66m~3/min。再次,通过对多种瓦斯抽采方法的比较,确定了同时运用本煤层抽采(掘进面边掘边抽、回采面预抽和边采边抽)和采空区抽采(老采空区全封闭抽采、高位钻孔抽采和采空区上隅角插管抽采)两种瓦斯抽采技术方案,建立了完整的矿井瓦斯抽采技术体系。预计被研究煤矿的瓦斯抽采量为43.4m~3/min左右(本煤层抽采、采空区抽采、掘进工作面抽采三者抽采量之和),其年抽采量为20.62Mm~3/a左右。最后,鉴于煤矿瓦斯是一种成本低、质量高的清洁能源,且被研究矿井的瓦斯抽采量为43.4m3/min,矿井瓦斯抽采率约为47.3%,符合《煤矿瓦斯抽采基本指标》(AQ1026-2006)标准的要求,确定了其瓦斯抽采的工业、民用和发电利用方案。更多还原

【Abstract】 Coal mine gas accident is one of the most serious natural disasters in coal mine. It is the long-term constraint on the coal mine safety productive work in China and in the world. Though experts and scholars in both China and abroad carried on intensive research and have made technological breakthroughs into its prevention and treatment, it is still difficult to get the distribution of mine gas and gas migration law, to predict the mine gas emission quantity and set the drilling hole position of gas drainage effectively, due to the many factors that influence mine gas storage, distribution, emission, migration and flow (such as the adsorption constants, coal seam porosity, coal-seam gas pressure, gas permeability of coal seams, coal rank, coal seam thickness, seam depth, the condition of mining fissure, upper rock cover and hydrogeologic condition).This article refers to and summarizes the researches on gas drainage technology from large numbers of relevant documentation and regulations. On the basis of actual situation, by means of the basic theory analysis, mathematical modelling, simulation experiments and in situ measurement etc., the article first analyzes issues like geological storage and distribution characteristics of mine gas, influential factors of gas emission and gas migration law in coal seam. Then mathematical models with continuity and dynamic characteristics are established to predict coal gas emission quantity separate source, that is to predict gas emission quantity of mechanized mining face (that of mind bed and that adjacent seam), to predict gas emission quantity of heading face (that of coal wall and coal cutting), and to predict gas emission quantity of goaf. In the initial stage of coal mine production, the absolute gas emission quantity is predicted as 91.66 m3/min by calculation. Next, by comparing various methods of gas drainage, a technical proposal that the usage of both in-seam gas drainage (gas drainage while driving in heading face and pre-drainage and drainage while extracting in mining face) and goaf gas drainage (fully enclosed drainage of old goaf, high position drilling drainage and the upper corner intubation drainage of goaf) is determined upon, and an integrated technical system of mine gas drainage is established. It is established that the gas drainage quantity of the observed coal mine is around 43.4m~3/min, and its annual drainage quantity is around 20.62Mm~3/a. Last, given that mine gas is a clean energy of low cost and high quality, and the gas drainage quantity is 43.4m~3/min and gas drainage efficiency is about 47.3% in the observed coal mine,which are in line with the standard of Basic Indicators of Mine Gas Drainage (AQ1026-2006),it is confirmed the plan of the industry, civil and electricity generation utilization of gas drainage.更多还原