【作者】 李本一；

【导师】 栗继祖；

【作者基本信息】 太原理工大学 ， 安全技术及工程， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 危险化学品是具有易燃、易爆、有毒、有腐蚀性等特性,会对人(包括生物)、设备、环境造成伤害和侵害的化学品。它涉及到了化工、医院、纺织、轻工、冶金、公路、物资、农业、林业、环保、地质、建筑、教育、民居生活等各个领域。化学工业是我国国民经济的主要支柱产业,处理和生产的化学品大多数属于危险化学品,是潜在危险性较大的行业。随着城市工业化的加快,大型化工生产装置、储存装置的日益增多,重大危险源的数量不断增加。由于危险化学品所固有的易燃易爆、有毒有害的特性,随着高参数、高能量、高风险的化工过程的出现,危险化学品事故隐患也越来越多,而事故也更加具有灾害性、突发性、和社会性,可造成严重的人员伤亡、财产损失和环境污染,给城市安全方面带来了严重威胁。如何解决危险化学品的安全问题,是摆在我们面前的现实问题。加强安全监管是很好地处理这一问题的有效方法。而如何使安全监管落实到位,这就需要建立一套能够使监管制度长期有效运转的长效机制。这对保障化工行业的正常发展,维护市场经济秩序,保障居民的生命及财产安全,促进国民经济的发展,具有重大的理论意义和现实意义。本文就城市危险化学品安全监管长效机制的构建做了深入的研究。首先,本文进行了危险化学品及安全监管的理论研究,介绍了危险化学品及安全监管的概念,概括了安全监管的原理和原则,着重介绍了与危险化学品安全监管相关的事故致因理论、重大危险源辨识理论以及风险管理理论。其次,本文从危险化学品的生产、经营、储存、运输、使用及废弃物处理等环节详细地分析了我国城市危险化学品安全监管的现状,具体地剖析了危险化学品管理存在的问题及其原因。最后,本文从监管机构建设、监管队伍建设、监管制度建设方面构建了城市危险化学品安全监管组织体系和保障机制。在政府监管机构建设中,提出了三级联动监管体制以及监管联席会议制度。从危险化学品事故的预防、控制以及应急管理方面构建了危险化学品事故防控体系和保障机制,探讨了危险化学品事故的防控对策,以及对应急组织建设提出了建议。更多还原

【Abstract】 Dangerous chemicals are chemicals with these properties of inflammable, explosive, toxic, corrosive, which will bring about damage and violations for people (including biological), equipment, environment. It involved chemical industry, medicine, textile, light industry, metallurgy, highway, materials. agricultural, forestry, environment protection, geology, construction, education, residence life etc.Chemical industry is our national economic main pillar industries, processing and production of chemicals mostly belongs to dangerous chemicals, which is the potential risk bigger industry. With city industrialization speeding up, large chemical production and storage equipment is increasing, and the quantity of major hazard is growing constantly. Because of their inherent inflammable, explosive, toxic or harmful characteristics, with high parameter, high-energy, high-risk chemical process appears, dangerous chemicals potential accident more and more, and more accidents with severe, sudden, and sociality, and can cause serious casualties and property loss and environmental pollution, give the city security poses a serious threat.How to solve the security problem of dangerous chemicals before us, is the real problem. Strengthening the safety supervision is very good to deal with this problem of effective methods. And how to make safety supervising implementation, this needs to establish a set of the long-term mechanism can make supervision system enable long-term effective operation. This chemical industry to guarantee the normal development, maintaining the order of the market economy, ensuring people’s life and property security, promoting the development of national economy, it has great theoretical and practical significance.This article made a in-depth research on long-term mechanism construction for safety supervision of dangerous chemicals in city.First, this article puts forward the theoretical research of dangerous chemicals and safety supervision, summarized the concept and principle of safety supervision, and emphatically introduced the principle with hazardous chemical materials safety supervising related accident-causing theory, theory of major hazard identification and risk management theory.Secondly, the paper from the dangerous chemicals in the production, selling and storage, transportation and use such links and waste treatment are analyzed in detail in the urban hazardous chemical materials safety supervising status, specifically analyzed the existing problems of dangerous chemicals management and its reason.Finally, this article from regulators construction, supervision team construction, supervision system construction aspects constructed the city of hazardous chemical materials safety supervising organization system and the safeguard mechanism. In government regulators construction, proposed regulatory system and the regulation as well as three-level linkage system of joint conference. From the dangerous chemical accident prevention, control and emergency management constructed the dangerous chemical accident prevention and control system and the safeguard mechanism, discusses the countermeasures of dangerous chemicals accident prevention and control work, and for emergency organization construction are proposed.更多还原