【作者】 党伟；

【导师】 杜国强；

【作者基本信息】 河北农业大学 ， 果树学， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 果树抗寒性是制约其在某一地区发展的重要性状,葡萄为河北主要栽培果树,栽培面积居全国第二位,但生产上冻害发生频繁,在一定程度上影响和制约了葡萄的发展。目前葡萄冬季抗寒主要措施是进行枝干埋土,费工、费时、季节性强,且对枝蔓极易造成损伤,因此探讨影响葡萄越冬能力因素、寻求不经埋土而提高枝蔓抗寒性措施将有利于葡萄的可持续性发展。本研究以河北东北部和河北中部鲜食葡萄巨峰品种为试验材料,研究了休眠期一年生枝条基部不同节间可溶性糖含量、淀粉含量及节间长、粗变化、葡萄冬芽中内源激素ABA含量的变化规律及外源施用ABA对葡萄冬芽ABA含量的影响,结合越冬后枝条的萌芽情况探讨了其与植株抗寒性的关系。试验结果表明:1、采自不同地区的葡萄枝条,河北东北部不同节间的枝条可溶性糖含量显著高于河北中部的枝条糖含量,且淀粉含量表现相同趋势。2、枝条基部不同节间长短表现出不一致,昌黎不同节位的节间长度呈上升趋势;而定州不同节位的节间长度表现为先上升后下降的趋势,第三节最长,随后呈下降趋势。3、定州和昌黎不同节位的节间粗度呈依次下降的趋势,而在相同节位,昌黎的节间粗度均较高。4、在低温锻炼中,伴随着耐寒性的提高,植物内源ABA含量上升,抗寒性强植物的ABA含量高于抗寒性弱的植物,昌黎葡萄冬芽中的脱落酸含量高于定州葡萄冬芽中的脱落酸含量。5.外源施用不同浓度的脱落酸,各个时期表现出脱落酸含量和脱落酸变化的不同,整体呈现逐渐减弱的趋势。并且,昌黎每个时期的不同浓度的脱落酸含量都高于定州葡萄冬芽中每个时期不同浓度的脱落酸含量。6、在不采取冬季埋土防寒条件下,昌黎葡萄园植株受冻率显著低于定州葡萄园,表明与昌黎葡萄园的植株一年生枝贮藏养分高于定州葡萄园植株有关。更多还原

【Abstract】 Low temperature is one of the most important factors which could restrict the location and growth of the plants.Cold hardiness, which has a direct influence on north development of fruit trees, is among the most important characters.Grapevine is widely cultivated in Hebei Province, and whose cultivated area is in the second place around the country. But the development of grapevine, in some degree, is restricted because of frost damage.Cold hardiness is one of the most important stress resistance indexes.The cold hardiness of different kinds of grapevine has different genes which could induce different morphological structure and physiological stress resistance.It is significant to identify the cold hardiness character for usage, location, breeding, evaluation and extension of variety resources.gigantic peak, which was cultivated in northeast and middle of Hebei Province, was chosen as our experiment material. We measured the contents of soluble sugar and starch, the length and width of node in the one-year branches at the bottom, then observed the germination conditions after winter.The results showed that :1、Soluble sugar contents in different node from the northeast of Hebei Province were significantly higher than that from the middle of the province. They both showed the same tendency of starch contents.2、They showed difference between the length of the nodes. The length of the nodes from Chang-li showed an increasing tendency, while the length from Ding-zhou increased first and then showed an decreasing tendency.3、The thickness of the nodes from Chang-li and Ding-zhou both showed an decreasing tendency,while in the same node,the chickness from Chang-li were higher.4、In low-temperature exercise,along with cold resistance rising,plant endogenous ABA levels rising,the ABA levels of stronger cold hardness plants were hinger than weaker ones,so the content of ABA in winter bud from Chang-li was higher than that from Ding-zhou.5、Effects of different concentrations of exogenous abscisic acid,each time showed the difference of the abscisic acid content and abscisic acid change,presenting a weakened trend gradually as a whole.The different concentrations of abscisic acid and content in winter bud from Chang-li was higher than that from Ding-zhou every period.6、Under the condition of soil cold-resistant whithout winter buried,the rate of coldness of Chang-li vineyard plants was significantly below that of Ding-zhou vineyard plants,which showed the relationship of store nutrient in the one-year branch from Chang-li is higher than that from Ding-zhou.更多还原