【作者】 赵飞；

【导师】 高志奎；

【作者基本信息】 河北农业大学 ， 蔬菜学， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 针对日光温室黄瓜生产中不同层位叶片光合作用过程中如何对光质进行充分利用的问题,本研究不仅对QE65000光纤光谱仪在荧光测定方面的可行性进行了分析,而且以北方白黄瓜为试材,采用蓝、绿、红发光二级管（LED）单色光进行照光处理,测定了光质对Fp₆₈₅、Fp₇₃₅、Fp₆₈₅/Fp₇₃₅、F₆₈₅、F₇₃₅、F₆₈₅/F₇₃₅、Y（II）、脱黄化过程中子叶的光吸收的影响;测定了阿特拉津对PSII向PSI电子传递的抑制情况,利用UV-2450分光光度计测定了光质对光合色素含量的影响;同时利用叶绿素成像荧光仪（MINI-IMAGING-PAM）进行黄瓜幼苗叶片叶绿素荧光动力学参数测定。分析探讨了光质对黄瓜幼苗绿色叶片叶绿素荧光的影响和单色光质诱导下黄瓜脱黄化子叶的光吸收与PSII活性。通过相关系统的配备, QE65000可以获得多种光质下的叶绿素荧光IPSMT相及之后的荧光曲线,还可以通过快速扫描获得200⁹00nm内的叶绿素荧光光谱图。3种LED单色光源照射诱导下,随着光强的增加白黄瓜叶片叶绿素荧光曲线OJIP中P相呈现快速上升趋势。其中,Fp₆₈₅主要表现为蓝光>绿光>红光;而Fp₇₃₅均表现为绿光下高,红蓝光下低;Fp₆₈₅/Fp₇₃₅荧光比值均表现为蓝光最高,绿光和红光下较低。蓝光下F₆₈₅荧光值要高于F735荧光值,而绿光或红光下F735荧光值要高于F₆₈₅荧光值;P相出现所需要的光合有效辐射量以蓝光最小,绿光次之,红光最大。混合光得到的荧光曲线的P相出现早于单色光照射,且P混合≥P单色光加和。混合光下的F₆₈₅/F735比值始终低于单色光下的F₆₈₅/F735比值。各个单色光质下的PSII实际光化学量子产量表现为:Y（II）′绿光>Y（II）′红光>Y（II）′蓝光,表明绿光下光合能力最强。阿特拉津处理会阻碍电子从PSII向PSI传递。背面照射红外光有利于加快PSI对电子的利用;背面照射绿光利于叶片对蓝光的利用。随着光强的增加,黄瓜脱黄化子叶的吸光系数、叶绿素含量、类胡萝卜素含量、初始荧光Fo和最大荧光F_m均呈现趋饱和型上升趋势,且均表现为红光>蓝光>绿光。可是,红光和蓝光下叶绿素a/b比值较绿光下的大;黑暗下黄化子叶的相对吸光度>红光>绿光>蓝光。随着照射光强和照射时间的增加,光系统II（PSII）最大量子产量F_v/F_m均呈现先下降后上升的趋势,PSII实际量子产量Y（II）均呈现上升趋势。其中,采用0.5¹.0μmol·m^-2·s^-1照射3 h的F_v/F_m为蓝光>红光>绿光,而采用1.5³.0μmol·m^-2·s^-1照射3 h的F_v/F_m为红光>蓝光>绿光;采用0.5μmol·m^-2·s^-1照射1 h的F_v/F_m为绿光和蓝光>红光,而采用0.5μmol·m^-2·s^-1照射2⁴ h的F_v/F_m为蓝光>红光>绿光。黑暗条件下黄瓜黄化子叶就含有微量的类胡萝卜素和叶绿素,且PSII非调节性能量耗散量子产量Y（NO）为1,而Y（II）和PSII调节性能量耗散量子产量Y（NPQ）均为0,表明黄化子叶中调节性能量耗散机制尚未建立。照光后,脱黄化的黄瓜子叶不仅Y（II）和Y（NPQ）均显著增加,Y（NO）也相应缩小。这表明照光诱导后黄瓜脱黄化子叶能够迅速构建光合机构和调节性热耗散机构,并与非调节性热耗散机构在能流平衡分配中协同发挥作用。通过对本试验结果的分析和研究,初步了解了叶片在不同光质下,叶绿素荧光、光吸收等生理指标所受的影响,可以为以后设施农业生产中提供一些新的理论依据。纯红光下叶绿素和类胡萝卜素含量、Fo和F_m较高;纯蓝光和纯红光下Y（II）较高;正面照射蓝光和反面同时照射绿光或红外光会降低叶片的荧光发射。因此从叶片对光能的利用角度看,在设施中对黄瓜进行补光照射时,除了给予红光和蓝光照射外,叶片背面同时照射一定量的绿光或红外光可以加大叶绿素对光能的利用。更多还原

【Abstract】 The paper focused on the production of greenhouse cucumber leaves of different layers of light quality of the photosynthesis process to full utilization, this study not only QE65000 fiber spectrophotometer Determination of viability of the fluorescence were analyzed, and the study of white North cucumber as material, the use of blue, green and red light emitting diode （LED） for monochromatic light treatment, the use of optical spectroscopy （QE65000, Spectrometer Ocean Optics, Inc. USA） measured the light quality Fp₆₈₅, Fp₇₃₅, Fp₆₈₅/Fp₇₃₅, F₆₈₅, F735, F₆₈₅/F735, Y （II）′, the process of de-etiolated cotyledons of light absorption. Determination of atrazine on PSII to PSI electron transport inhibition.Using UV-2450 Spectrophotometer light quality on photosynthetic pigment content; while taking advantage of chlorophyll fluorescence imaging instrument （MINI-IMAGING-PAM） for cucumber leaves chlorophyll fluorescence parameters determined. Analysis of the cucumber green light quality on chlorophyll fluorescence and light quality induced de-etiolation in cucumber cotyledons in light absorption and activity of PSⅡ.With the relevant system, IPSMT and later phase of chlorophyll fluorescence under a variety of light qualities can be obtained by QE65000, the 200 900nm in the spectra also can be quickly scanned by it.With the increase of light intensity, the P in OJIP of chlorophyll fluorescence curve showed a fast rising. Fp₆₈₅ were in the order of red>blue>green, but Fp₇₃₅ were in the order of green> red≈blue. However, the order of blue> green≈red were observed for the ratio of Fp₆₈₅/ Fp₇₃₅.Under Blue light the F₆₈₅ fluorescence value higher than F735, under green or red fluorescence the F735 fluorescence value is higher than the F₆₈₅; P point appeared under blue required minimum PAR, followed by green, red the most. The point of P appeared earlier under the mixed light than under single light, and Pmix≥Psingle. The ratios of F₆₈₅/ F735 always lower under the mixed lights than under single light. The order of Y（II）′green> Y（II）′red> Y（II）′blue were observed for the yield of PSII by single light. Conclusion: In cucumber the photosynthetic capacity of the strongest is under green.Atrazine treatment will prevent transmission of electrons from PSII to PSI. Infrared radiation back help accelerate the use of electronic in PSI; the back of the light green leaves beneficial use of the Blue light.With the increase of light intensity, the absorption coefficient, chlorophyll content, carotenoid content, minimum fluorescence yield （Fo） and maximum fluorescence yield （F_m） of de-etiolated cotyledons of cucumber seeding showed a rising and saturated trend, which were in the order of red > blue > green. However, the order of red≈blue > green and no irradiated light > red > green > blue were observed for the ratio of chlorophyll a/b and relative absorbance, respectively.Furthermore, with increase of irradiation intensity and time, the maximum photochemical efficiency of PSII （F_v/F_m） was firstly decreased and then increased, as well as the effective quantum yield of PSII （Y（II）） was persistent rose. The trends of F_v/F_m for different light qualities in the de-etiolated cotyle dons of cucumber seeding were in the order: blue > red > green for 3 hours of photosynthetically active radiation （PAR） from 0.5 to 1.0μmol·m^-2·s^-1, red > blue > green for 3 hour of PAR from 1.5 to 3.0μmol·m^-2·s^-1, green≈blue > red for 1 hour of 0.5μmol·m^-2·s^-1PAR, and blue>red>green for 2 to 4 hours of 0.5μmol·m^-2·s^-1 PAR.The etiolated cotyledons of cucumber seeding had little carotenoids and chlorophyll accompanied with 1 for quantum yield of non-regulated energy dissipation of PSII （Y（NO）） and 0 for quantum yield of regulated energy dissipation of PSⅡ（Y（NPQ）） and Y（Ⅱ） before the start of light qualities treatment, which indicated that regulatory mechanism of energy dissipation of etiolated cotyledons had not been established. This may be related to function, epoxidation and de-epoxidation of xanthophyll cycle not establish. After etiolated cotyledons of cucumber seeding were irradiated by different light qualities, the Y（Ⅱ） and Y（NPQ） not only significantly increased, but also Y（NO） gradually reduced. It revealed that the photosynthetic apparatus and regulated mechanism for heat dissipation were constructed in de-etiolated cotyledons after induced by light, and eventually exerted function cooperating with non-regulated heat dissipation mechanism in the balance and distribution process of energy flow.Through analysis of the results of this study and research, a preliminary understanding of the leaves under different light quality, chlorophyll fluorescence, light absorption and other physiological indicators of the impact on agricultural production for future facilities to provide some new theoretical basis. The chlorophyll and carotenoid contents, Fo and F_m under red light are higher; pure blue light and red light of pure Y （Ⅱ） is high when under blue and red light. blue light on positive and green or infrared light on negative at the same time reduce the leaves of the fluorescence Emission. Therefore, the use of light energy from the blade angle, the when the cucumber grow in greenhouse need irradiation, in addition to red and blue light, the leaves on the back while a certain amount of green light or infrared light can increase the chlorophyll Energy use.更多还原