【作者】 祝莹；

【导师】 杨绍斌；

【作者基本信息】 沈阳大学 ， 动物学， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 德国小蠊（Blattella germanica）是目前蜚蠊中抗药性最强,最难防治的世界性城市卫生害虫之一。在生物防治中,利用天然源物质是一个极有开发潜力的研究领域。本文以德国小蠊为供试昆虫,通过对比试验分别筛选出毒饵载体、杀虫活性较好的大型有毒真菌及不同处理产物、然后再进行大型有毒真菌复合制剂最佳配比的筛选,最终确定出对德国小蠊毒杀效果较好的大型有毒真菌复合配方。研究结果如下：（1）经过对8种毒饵引诱剂的筛选,在144h内德国小蠊对鼠饲料的摄取食量最高且稳定,再加上其成分多样化,成本低廉,因此将其作为毒饵载体。然后经过对4种增效辅料的筛选,得出加入5%红糖的效果较好,确定最终的毒饵载体为加入5%红糖的鼠饲料。在对德国小蠊饲养过程中发现,德国小蠊对高密度种群具有较强的抵抗性,而且水对蜚蠊每个生长阶段的作用尤为重要。（2）在大型有毒真菌对德国小蠊毒杀试验中,首先将采集到的19种毒菌进行了菌种的分离与纯化培养,然后利用胃毒法将19种毒菌的野生子实体和室内培养产物对德国小蠊进行毒杀试验,得出残托斑鹅膏菌、鳞柄白毒鹅膏菌、豹斑毒鹅膏菌、条纹鹅膏菌、橙黄硬皮马勃的液体培养产物杀虫效果较好。对以上5种毒菌分别进行五个浓度梯度试验,得出LCso为残托斑鹅膏菌9.22480mg/g>鳞柄白毒鹅膏菌12.30383mg/g>豹斑毒鹅膏菌16.40019mg/g>橙黄硬皮马勃20.80282mg/g>条纹鹅膏菌23.22490mg/g。（3）在大型有毒真菌杀虫毒饵稳定性的试验中,分别对毒饵进行高温和强光照处理,然后进行杀虫试验得出,毒饵热贮稳定性较强,而光照稳定性较差。（4）从单剂中选出毒效较好的残托斑鹅膏菌、鳞柄白毒鹅膏菌、豹斑毒鹅膏菌三种毒菌,运用交互测定法进行最佳配比的筛选,联合毒力作用较强的三种复配方式的共毒系数分别为残托斑鹅膏菌+豹斑毒鹅膏菌143.98>残托斑鹅膏菌+鳞柄白毒鹅膏菌130.09>鳞柄白毒鹅膏菌+豹斑毒鹅膏菌124.55,表现为增效作用。半致死中浓度LC₅₀为残托斑鹅膏菌+豹斑毒鹅膏菌7.89112mg/g>残托斑鹅膏菌+鳞柄白毒鹅膏菌7.95337mg/g>鳞柄白毒鹅膏菌+豹斑毒鹅膏菌11.18759mg/g。更多还原

【Abstract】 The German cockroach9（Blattella germanica）is one of the most stubbon urban pests worldwide to pesticide and hard to prevent Using natural materials is the most promising scientific field to be developed in biological control. The article carries out multigroup test and research in feeding.German cockroaches and the selecion of the poisonous baits,the seletion of the toadstool type and the different toxic effect of products on the German cockroaches,the test on bait stability,the sceening of the best ratio of the mixed toxic fungal.The results are following:（1） With the screening of 8 kinds of food from powdered milk,corn flour,soybean flour,crumbs of bread,rodent feed,flour,biscuit,millet flour tested by 3 groups of duplicate tests, rodent feed is chosen as the vector of poison bait for its large and steady amount eaten by German cockroach and its additional diverse components and cheap cost. By screening 4 kinds of assisting material,we have a conclusion that another 5% brow sugar is best for the vector of poison bait composed of rodent feed with 5% brow sugar.In the course of feeding German cockroach, we find that it has a strong resistance to the parasite of high-density and particularly liable to the water.（2）In the test of killing German cockroaches by toxic toadstools,19 kinds of collected toadstools are firstly isolated and purifilized cultivated,secondly,4 kind products of toadstools which includ fresh fruiting body,powder fruiting body,the products of liquid and solid culture,are used to experiment of insecticidal activity by the method of,which has 3 groups of duplicate tests.Ultimately decided that the insecticidal activity of toadstools are more better,including that Amanita kwangsinsis,Amanita pantherina,Amanita virosa,Scleroderma citrinum, Amanita phalloides. And the results of insecticidal activity was the best which are the liquid fermentation of 5 kind toadstools.The above,5 kinds of toadstools were experienced of insecticidal activity to German cockroach,respectively,so we have a conclusion that the LC₅₀ of Amanita kwangsinsis is 9.22480mg/g,Amanita virosa’s LC₅₀ is 12.30383mg/g,Amanita pantherina’s LC₅₀ is 16.40091mg/g,Scleroderma citrinum’s LC₅₀ is 20.80282mg/g,Amanita phalloides’s LC₅₀is23.22490mg/g. （3）In the course of testing stability of the poison baits,it is handled by high temperature and strong light.Then it has the test of insecticidal activity,so we have the concludsion that stability of the high temperture is more stronger, while the light is weaker.（4） Amanita kwangsinsis,Amanita virosa and Amanita pantherina,the three selected toadstools which have the best toxicity from a single dose,can get the best ratio by using the method of interactive.By mixing the three most powerful compound mode with co-toxicity parameter,Amanita kwangsinsis and Amanita pantherina is143.98,Amanita kwangsinsis and Amanita virosa is130.09,Amanita virosa and Amanita pantherina is124.55,the coefficient is more than100,showing the synergies.The LC₅₀ that Amanita kwangsinsis and Amanita pantherina is7.89112mg/g,Amanita kwangsinsis is 7.95337mg/g,Amanita pantherina is 11.18759mg/g.更多还原