【作者】 王秋婧；

【导师】 阎石；

【作者基本信息】 沈阳建筑大学 ， 结构工程， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 近年来,压电陶瓷中的锆钛酸铅(Lead Zirconate Titanate,简称PZT)以体积小、响应速度快、频响范围宽且输出力大等一系列优点广泛应用于多种用途的驱动器中。通过对PZT物理、力学性能的深入研究,建立基于力学等效原理的PZT驱动力学模型,使PZT的驱动性能得到了更直观的描述,同时也使PZT驱动特性在工程上的应用得到简化。由于PZT特殊的压电效应使其在驱动方面的研究与应用得到快速发展。在以往的研究成果中发现,对PZT驱动器的理论研究多运用静力学方法,即把压电陶瓷片和基体耦合,假设接触面处的应变相等来计算PZT驱动力。然而这种理论上的研究方法既没有考虑PZT的动力特性,又没有考虑PZT与基体之间粘接层的影响问题。因此,这种理论研究并不完善。本文通过动力学思想并结合PZT的逆压电效应,建立不同振动模式的PZT驱动器力学模型,并根据所建立的驱动器力学模型对PZT的驱动特性进行深入研究。这种方法所提取的力学模型简单易行,便于工程应用,无论在理论方面还是实际应用都具有一定的指导意义。本文采用理论推导与试验相结合的方式进行研究,主要研究内容如下:(1)介绍本文的研究背景,目的及意义。简单介绍智能材料的基础知识及其在驱动方面的广阔应用前景。(2)深入研究压电陶瓷的物理及力学性能,对压电陶瓷的驱动机理进行剖析,对压电方程进行详细介绍。(3)建立埋入式PZT驱动器的驱动力学模型。通过对压电陶瓷逆压电效应的研究,根据质量集总法,建立PZT等效力学模型。结合算例并利用软件Matlab / Simulink对建立的驱动模型进行数值分析。结果表明:PZT输入信号与输出信号具有良好的线性关系;PZT的几何尺寸,输入信号的频率及粘结层性能对PZT的输出均有影响。(4)建立粘贴式PZT驱动器的驱动力学模型。通过力学等效原理以及弹性动力学理论建立等效力学模型。利用软件Matlab / Simulink对建立的模型进行参数分析,并深入研究粘结层厚度及材料属性对PZT输出性能的影响。(5)通过试验对建立的粘贴式PZT驱动器力学模型及粘结层性能对PZT驱动力的影响进行验证,所得结果与理论分析基本吻合,表明所建立的PZT驱动模型是合理的且具有一定的通用性。(6)总结本文的主要工作,对得到的结论进行整理,并对今后的研究内容提出建议。更多还原

【Abstract】 In recent years, piezoelectric ceramic (such as Lead Zirconate Titanate, PZT) with advantages of small size, fast response, wide responding frequency and great output force are widely used as multi-purpose actuators. Through studying the physical and mechanical properties of PZT material, an equivalence principle based on the mechanical model of the PZT actuator performance was established, resulting in making it more intuitive description and simply applying the actuating properties of the PZT in engineering.Due to the special aspects of PZT piezoelectric effect, the research and application for the PZT actuator have rapidly developed. In previous research, the theory of PZT actuator usually used static method which made a coupling between the piezoelectric ceramic plate and the substrate, assuming that the strains at the contact surface of the PZT actuator and the structure are equal during calculation. However, the theory did not take into account both the dynamic characteristics of PZT material and the influence of the bond layer. Therefore, the previous theory about the modeling of PZT actuator needs to be further developing. By combining PZT dynamic ideas and the inverse piezoelectric effect, the different vibration modes of PZT mechanical model were created and further research on the mechanical properties of the PZT actuator using the developed model was conducted in the paper. The developed model for the PZT actuating performance was simple and convenient for engineering application, which was of certain significance in both theory and application.In this paper, the combination of theoretical analysis and experimental research was used and the main contents were as follows:(1) The research background, purpose and significance of the paper were firstly introduced, and the basic knowledge of smart materials and their wide application in the field of actuators were also briefly introduced.(2) The physical and mechanical properties of piezoelectric ceramics were further researched. The actuating mechanism for the PZT actuators was carefully developed and the piezoelectric equations which were one of bases for the theoretical analysis were also introduced in detail.(3) An actuating model for the embedded-type PZT actuators was established. A PZT equivalent mechanical model was set up by the lumped mass method through the research on the converse piezoelectric effect of piezoelectric ceramics. A numerical example was used to numerically analyze by using the Matlab / Simulink software. The results of the numerical simulation showed that the input and output signals of the PZT actuators had a linear relationship, and the geometry of the PZT patch and the input signal frequency as well as the cohesive layer had influenced on the output of the PZT actuators.(4) A mechanical model for the paste-type PZT actuators was established. An equivalent mechanical model for the PZT actuators was set up by using the principle of equivalence and elastic dynamic theory. A parameter analysis for the developed model was conducted by using the Matlab / Simulink software, and the influence for the thick of the bonding layer and the material performance on the output characteristics of the PZT actuators was further developed.(5) The developed paste-type model of the PZT actuator and the impact for the cohesive layer on the actuating force of the PZT driver were validated by experiments. The experimental results and that of the theoretical analysis matched well, it showed that the proposed model for the PZT actuator was reasonable and had some versatility.(6) The main work was summarized at the end and some conclusions were made, and the future research contents were also recommended.更多还原