【作者】 储蓉；

【导师】 尹少华；

【作者基本信息】 中南林业科技大学 ， 林业经济管理， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 湿地生态系统是继森林生态系统和陆地生态系统的又一重要的生态系统,在抵御洪水、调节径流、控制污染、调节气候、美化环境、维持全球生态系统的平衡等方面有着举足轻重的作用。它既是陆地上的天然蓄水库,又是众多野生动植物资源特别是珍稀水禽的繁殖和越冬地。湿地与人类息息相关,是人类拥有的宝贵资源,因此湿地被称为“生命的摇篮”、“地球之肾”和“鸟类的乐园”洞庭湖湿地是我国乃至世界重要的湿地保护区域,然而由于历史以及人为因素的影响,洞庭湖湿地生态系统正面临着严重的破坏。那么正确认识生态系统面临的问题,采取有效的方法和手段控制湿地生态系统的恶化,就迫切需要对湿地生态系统现状进行分析和加强湿地生态系统的保护与管理研究。本文以生态学、经济学、系统科学和可持续发展科学为指导,正面分析了洞庭湖区地貌、气候、水文、社会经济状况、生物组成成分、生态系统类型与生态系统特征等情况,全面、系统的掌握导致洞庭湖湿地生态系统破坏的主要问题和原因,为洞庭湖湿地生态系统的保护与管理工作提供良好的依据和数据支持；采取了数据分析,图表分析、对比分析、案例分析和主成分分析法,对其主要问题和原因、保护与管理问题及其重要性、保护与管理对策等问题进行了如下研究：(1)通过数据分析证明了对湿地的盲目开垦和改造是导致泥沙淤积、湖泊萎缩、调蓄功能下降是最直接最根本的原因。(2)采用主成分分析法,建立了水质分析模型,找到了对洞庭湖区水质造成严重污染的主要化学物质成分,并对这些污染成分提出处理措施。(3)选取了鸟类和鱼类资源逐量减少的数字信息说明了野生动植物栖息地遭到破坏的原因是由于树种的不合理种植和外来物种的入侵。(4)针对洞庭湖湿地生态系统面临的主要问题,提出宣传教育、实行湿地保护管理工作数据分享、建立洞庭湖湿地生态效益补偿体制、合理规划自然保护区、加强生态工程建设、完善水质监测系统、大力发展湿地产业等对策。湿地生态系统涉及到社会的诸多方面。受社会、经济、自然环境等多种因素的制约,是一个复杂的生态系统,湿地生态系统的保护与管理的研究也是一项复杂的系统工程。随着湿地资源的不断开发利用,对湿地生态系统的保护与管理工作的要求就越来越高,那么,加强洞庭湖湿地生态系统的保护与管理,维持其生态系统平衡就显得至关重要。更多还原

【Abstract】 Wetland ecosystem is an important ecosystem after the forest and land ecosystem, which plays a significant role in defending flood, regulating runoff, controlling contamination, adjusting climate, beautifying environment, sustaining the balance of global ecosystem. Not only is it a natural reservoir, but also a breeding and wintering ground for various wild animals and plants, especially for rare aquatic birds. Wetland is closely linked to human being and it is also a precious resource so that it’s called "cradle of life", "kidney of earth", "paradise of bird".Dongting lake is an important wetland conservation area in china even for the whole world. Owing to the effect from human and history, its wetland ecosystem is facing serious damage now. It is badly needed to analyze the current situation of wetland and step up protection and management research for wetland ecosystem if we want to adopt effective methods to control the deteriorationDirected by ecology, economics, system science and sustainable science, this article analyzes the Dongting lake’s geomorphology, climate, hydrology, social and economic situation, component parts of biology, patterns and characters of ecosystem, etc., and systematically and fully masters the main problems and causes which result in the damage to Dongting lake’s wetland ecosystem, provides good proof and measures for its protection and management. It also adopts data analysis, graph analysis, contrast analysis, case analysis and main components analysis to research the main problems, causes, deficient protection and management as well as their importance, countermeasures and plans as follows:1) It is proved through data analysis that haphazard cultivation and transformation is the fundamental and direct cause leading to the lake being silted and shrunk, water storage capability being decreased.2) Main ingredients analysis is adopted to find main chemical substantial ingredients which causes serious contamination to the water in Dongting lake. In addition, the countermeasures are also proposed3) Gradual decreased numbers of bird and fish shows that causes of damage to living area of wild animals and plants is due to unreasonable planting and invasion of foreign species.4) Aiming to the main problems that wetland ecosystem of dongting lake is facing,Ⅰpropose to improve the wetland protection law, map out a reasonable plan for natural preserve, enforce the construction of ecological project, improve the water quality monitoring system, develop wetland industries, etc.Wetland ecosystem involves lots of domain of society. It is a very complex ecosystem, controlled and curbed by many factors such as society, economy, natural environment, etc., so the research of protection and management for wetland ecosystem is a complicated system project too. With the continuous exploitation to the wetland resource, the protection and management work are required to higher level. Thus, it appears more important for us to enforce the protection and management for dongting lake’s wetland ecosystem and maintain its balance.更多还原