【作者】 何新建；

【导师】 谢建军；

【作者基本信息】 中南林业科技大学 ， 林产化学加工工程， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 高吸水树脂是一种具有超强吸水能力的新型功能高分子材料,其保水能力非常好,由于其优良的特性,高吸水树脂已引起广大科技工作者的兴趣,并进行了大量研究,已在农林园艺、生理卫生用品、医药、土壤改良等方面取得了广泛的应用。随着石油资源的日益匮乏和人们环保意识的不断增强,利用可再生的天然资源制备高吸水树脂是当今研究的重要课题之一。木质素来源广泛,可再生,无毒价廉,其开发和利用有着重要价值。目前工业木质素的主要来源是造纸工业,虽然已采用先进的废水回用技术与设施,以充分利用制浆造纸废水中的有用物质及水资源等,但其中大量的木质素通常作为燃料使用,有的甚至未经处理直接排放,造成严重的资源浪费和环境污染。因此研究利用工业木质素,对于综合治理造纸工业废水污染、充分利用天然资源具有重要的现实意义。以木质素磺酸钠(LS-Na)、丙烯酸(AA)、丙烯酰胺(AM)为原料,高岭土(Kaolin)为无机添加剂,过硫酸钾(KPS)为引发剂,N,N’-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺(NMBA)为交联剂,采用先溶液聚合后皂化法制备了高岭土／木质素磺酸钠接枝丙烯酸-丙烯酰胺(LPAAM)复合高吸水树脂,并对它的吸液、吸附和保水性能进行了研究。溶液聚合中选用正交设计方法,以蒸馏水和0.9%NaCl溶液中的平衡吸液倍率为评价参数得到了较优配方：m(AM):m (AA)=1:1, m (KPS) =1.0%,m (NMBA)=0.1%, pH=3。然后,将较优配方条件下的LPAAMO以不同浓度NaOH于90℃皂化2h,得到皂化后的LPAAM复合高吸水树脂,该树脂在蒸馏水和0.9%NaCl(质量浓度,下同)溶液中的平衡吸液倍率分别为1003g/g及89g/g。系统研究了LPAAM复合高吸水树脂在不同盐溶液中的吸液倍率与时间的关系。考察了溶液种类、溶液浓度、pH、温度对LPAAM复合高吸水树脂在不同盐溶液中的平衡吸液倍率的影响。通过对LPAAM复合高吸水树脂吸附金属Cu2+和Zn2+的研究发现,该树脂对Cu2+和Zn2+的吸附动力学可以用来描述；探讨了LPAAM复合高吸水树脂对过渡金属Cu2+和Zn2+的吸附等温式,溶液pH值对LPAAM复合高吸水树脂吸附Cu2+和Zn2+的影响,最大吸附量分别为180mg/g和169mg/g。对吸附金属离子前后的LPAAM复合高吸水树脂结构进行了比较,发现吸附Cu2+和Zn2+后,树脂的红外光谱部分吸收锋发生了变化(在1668cm-1处的吸收峰红移,在1565cm-1处的吸收峰蓝移)；根据热重分析可知,开始分解的温度提高,残重比分别增大3.91%和3.70%；树脂吸附金属离子后,表面存在更多深浅不均匀的沟壑,堆砌得非常密实。研究了自然蒸发条件下,LPAAM复合高吸水树脂在土壤中保水性能,考察了LPAAM复合高吸水树脂用量、肥料溶液种类和土壤质地对土壤保水性能的影响。对同一土壤,树脂用量越多,土壤保水率下降越慢。但随树脂用量增加,土壤保水率下降趋于平衡。LPAAM复合高吸水树脂用量为0.5%时,单一肥料溶液和不同混合肥料溶液中,三种质地土壤对10%尿素、10%尿素/0.1%磷酸二氢钠(溶液质量比1：1,下同)混合溶液保水效果较好,对0.5%氯化钾、0.1%磷酸二氢钠/0.5%氯化钾混合溶液保水效果较差。更多还原

【Abstract】 Superabsorbent polymer(SAP) is a kind of new functional polymeric materials, which can absorb a large amount of water and the absorbed water is hardly removed even under some pressure. Beeause of their excellent properties, superabsorbents have attracted considerable interest and proceeded to research for sciencists and technolohists and been used in many applications such as agriculture, horticulture, feminine napkins, sanitation, medicine and soil improvement.Lignin is renewable, non-toxic and commercially available, which makes lignin utilization avaluable. Nowadays, most lignin applications are based on technical lignins, which are mostly separated during pulping process. Most useful materials and water reseources can be well reused by the application of advanced treatment technology for the wastewater of pulping and papermaking. However a large number of lignin in the wastewater are used as a source of fuel, or discharged without any treatment, which caused consequent heavy waste of resources and severe pollution of environment. So, research on the utilization of technical lignin is very important and significant to treat with the watse water from paper mill and to make full utilazation of natural resource.In this paper, LPAAM is prepared using sodium lignosulfonate(LS-Na), acrylic acid(AA) and acrylamide(AM) as raw materials, kaolin as inorganic filler, potassium peroxydisulfate(KPS) as initiator, N,N’-methylene-bis-acrylamide(NMBA) as cross-linker, by solution polymerization using orthogonal design and saponification reaction. The optimized formula based on the assessment of the absorbencies in distilled water and 0.9%NaCl solution is obtained as follows:m(AM):m(AA)=1:1, m(KPS)=1.0%, m(NMBA)=0.1%, pH=3. Then the saponification reaction based on the above-mentioned optimized formula superabsorbent is used with different NaOH solution at 90℃for 2h. Its absorbencies in distilled water and 0.9% NaCl (mass concentration) aqueous solution are respectively 1003g/g and 89g/g.The relationship between the absorbency of LPAAM and the absorbing time is investigated. The effect of types and concentrations, pH and temperatures of the salt solutions on the balance absorbency is discussed. Through the research of the adsorption of Cu2+ and Zn2+ onto LPAAM, the adsorption kinetics of Cu+ and Zn2+ onto LPAAM can be described as The relationship between the concentrations of metal ions and the adsorption capacities is investigated; the effect of solution pH is explored. The maximum adsorption capacities of Cu+ and Zn+ are respectively 180mg/g and 169mg/g. Comparing LPAAM with LPAAM after adsorption of Cu2+ and Zn2+, the results have shown that some FTIR absorption peaks have changed(the small red shifts of the 1668 cm-1 absorption peak, the small blue shifts of the 1565 cm-1 absorption peak); according to TG, the decomposed temperature has rised and residual weight ratio increases respectively by 3.91% and 3.70%; there are more deepened non-uniform gullies on the surface of LPAAM after adsorption of metal ions, and the surface is built-up densely.Under the conditions of the natural evaporation, the water retention capacity of LPAAM in soil is investigated. The effect of mass of LPAAM, the types of fertilizer solution and the soil on the water retention capacity of the soil is discussed. With the same type of soil, the more the resin is used; the more slowly the water retention capacities of soil has been dropped. However, with the more resin, soil losing water will tend to balance. When the dosage of LPAAM is 0.5%(wt.) of soil, among the single and various mixed fertilizers solution, the effect of the water-retention capacities of three kinds of soil for 10%(wt.) urea and 10% urea/0.1% sodium dihydrogen phosphate(1:1, mass ratio) mixed solution are more than 0.5% potassium chloride and 0.1% sodium dihydrogen phosphate/0.5% potassium chloride mixed solution.更多还原