【作者】 薄楠林；

【导师】 彭重华；

【作者基本信息】 中南林业科技大学 ， 园林植物与观赏园艺， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 近10年来,随着生态园林思想的发展,园林景观的建设越来越趋向于以植物造景为主,注重植物生态效应的发挥,对植物群落所具有的生态意义、美学意义及应用价值的研究也日渐深入。白皮松作为华北地区特有观赏树种,是中国园林中少有的特色树种,对其天然林群落景观的研究具有特殊的意义。研究内容共分3部分,第一部分采用生态学样地调查法,分析白皮松群落物种结构与多样性,为城市园林景观的应用提供生态学前提；第二部分采用美景度评判法对白皮松群落进行美学评价分析,为其应用提供美学基础；第三部分集合前两部分有用信息,遴选适合城市园林应用的白皮松景观群落。主要的研究成果如下：(1)群落类型分析表明白皮松天然林可划分为5种群落类型；树种结构分析表明样地中维管束植物共计有54科58属64种,优势科为菊科、蔷薇科和豆科；径级结构和年龄结构均表明白皮松种群是一个较为稳定的种群,更新正常,稳定性水平较好。(2)重要值分析表明,乔木层的白皮松和檀子栎、灌木层的黄荆与黄栌、草本层的细叶苔草为该区的优势种,群落分层现象明显；重要值不高的稀有种分布均匀,主要受样地周边人为干扰的影响；多样性结果分析表明，群落多样性水平一般,丰富度和多样性指数较低,均匀度、优势度指数较高,群落结构简单。其中,乔木层多样性水平低于灌木层和草本层,优势度指数高于灌木层和草本层。各群落的均匀度指数变化不大。(3)根据白皮松群落31个样本SBE值的分布情况,可将白皮松景观质量分为4个层次,以表现白皮松古树景观的照片SBE值最高,其次是白皮松纯林群落景观,然后是白皮松混交林群落景观,而白皮松次生林景观的SBE值最低。建模分析结果表明：乔木密度、树木排列、林冠面变化、树木个体对比、树干清晰度、群落色彩变化这六个项目对白皮松群落景观美感度影响较大。(4)根据白皮松个体及群落观赏特征,结合生态学等原则,遴选了18种白皮松群落中伴生的观赏植物及10组群落美景组合,并提出了白皮松群落景观对城市绿化中植物应用的三点启示：即发展近自然群落景观,建设乡野式园林,因势造景,模拟山石植物景观组景。更多还原

【Abstract】 In recent 10 years, with the development of the thinking of ecological garden, scenery creation with plants is more and more becoming the priority of the landscape construction, and the ecological effect of plant is focused on, the study on the significance of the ecological, aesthetic and applied value of plant community is in-depth. As a unique ornamental tree in North China, Pinus bungeana is one of the rare characteristic species in Chinese garden, the research to whose natural forest community scenery is of special significance.The content of this research can be divided into three parts. In the first part, with the investigation method of sample plot in ecology area, the community structure and species diversity of Pinus bungeana is analyzed in order to provide an ecology premise of plant in urban landscape; In the second part, with the method of Scenic Beauty Estimation, the aesthetic value of Pinus bungeana community are analyzed, in order to offer an aesthetics basis for its garden application; In the third part, with the useful information gathered from the results of the first two research, some appropriate Pinus bungeana communities that apply to urban garden landscape are selected. The main research results are as follows:(1) The analysis of community types of Pinus bungeana shows that the natural forest can be divided into five kinds of community types; Analysis of tree species’ structure shows that there are 64 species of vascular plants in total, of 58 genera and 54 families, the dominant families are Compositae、Rosaceae and Leguminosae; Analysis of size-class structure and age structure of Pinus bungeana population shows that the structure of the population is stable, regeneration of the community is normal.(2) Analysis of importance value of the Pinus bungeana shows that:Pinus bungeana and Quercus baronii of the tree layer, Vitex negundo and Cotinus coggygria of the shrub layer and Carex rigescens of the herb layer are the dominant species, the layers of the community is obvious; Rare species with lower importance value distribute uniformly, which are mainly effected by artificial interference; Analysis of species diversity shows that:the level of community diversity is normal, the richness index and the species diversity index are lower; the index of evenness and dominate degree is higher, the structure of community is simple; the species diversity of the tree layer is higher than which of shrub layer and the herb layer, the dominance index of the tree layer is lower than which of shrub layer and the herb layer, the change of every community’s evenness index is stable.(3) According to the distribution situation of SBE of the 31 samples, the scenic quality can be divided into 4 levels, the photos express ancient trees scenery have highest SBE, the second higher SBE are the photos with scenery of pure forest, the third higher SBE are the photos with scenery of mixed forest, the last are the photos with scenery of secondary forest; The result of modeling Analysis shows that:tree density、arrangement of tree、the change of the forest canopy、the comparison of the tree-size、the definition of trunk、the color changing of communities have big effect to the scenic beauty of the communities.(4) According to individual and community’s ornamental characteristics of Pinus bungeana, and combining with the principles of ecology and aesthetics and such as,18 kinds of ornamental plants and some community groups scenery are select, three points of enlightenment from Pinus bungeana community scenery about the application of plants in city greening are proposed, they are:To develop approaching-nature community scenery; To construct rural-folk landscape; Be harmonized with the environment to construct landscape from simulating rockery and plants scenery.更多还原