【作者】 王洪菊；

【导师】 刘昌明；

【作者基本信息】 山东大学 ， 公共管理， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 公民广泛而有序的政治参与,是社会主义民主政治的本质特征,是推动社会主义政治文明、建设和谐社会的重要内容。妇女政治参与是国家政治生活的一个重要方面,它既是妇女公民权利得以实现的重要方式,也是妇女实现性别平等权利和发展的基本途径。妇女的政治参与程度、参与状况是妇女社会地位和妇女在社会事务中发挥作用的重要标志,也是衡量一个民族妇女解放程度和社会文明进步的尺度之一。我国人口大多数在农村,而妇女占农村人口半数以上。随着1988年《中华人民共和国村民委员会组织法(试行)》的实施,我国村民自治逐步进入法制化轨道,参与村民自治成为新时期农村妇女政治参与的主要形式。在轰轰烈烈的村民自治进程中,农村妇女政治参与面临着前所未有的挑战,出现了许多新的特点和问题。研究新时期农村妇女政治参与问题,显得尤为重要。本文综合运用政治学、组织行为学、社会学等理论,以山东省为例,结合问卷调查和相关数据分析,对《中华人民共和国村民委员会组织法(试行)》实施以来妇女参与村民自治进行研究,分析农村妇女政治参与的现状、特点和阻碍农村妇女政治参与的因素,提出有针对性、可行性的对策建议,以期进一步丰富和发展公民政治参与和妇女问题研究相关理论,对推动农村妇女政治参与、提高农村妇女社会地位、更好地发挥妇女在建设社会主义新农村中的积极作用有所借鉴。本文运用系统分析、差别分析、定性分析与定量分析相结合、微观分析与宏观分析相结合的方法,多角度对农村妇女政治参与进行分析。首先,阐述本文选题的背景和意义、研究范围、研究现状、研究思路框架等基本问题。然后,通过对问卷调查的科学统计,综合分析山东省农村妇女政治参与的现状及特点。接下来,主要从传统政治文化的束缚、法规政策体系的缺失、妇女组织功能的弱化和妇女自身素质的制约四个方面分析阻碍农村妇女政治参与的因素。最后,针对存在的问题,提出营造良好的社会环境、制定出台保障性政策、发挥各级妇女组织作用和加强农村妇女人才队伍建设四项对策建议。本文的创新点在于利用科学的抽样调查和统计方法,全面分析农村妇女政治参与的现状和特点,提出切合实际、可操作性强的对策建议,特别是创造性地提出创新农村妇代会选举制度的建议,使研究具有更大的参考价值和应用价值。虽然,当前我国农村妇女政治参与水平并不高,但是农村妇女的权利意识已经觉醒,相信在有关部门和社会各界的积极推动下,农村妇女政治参与一定会迎来新的春天。更多还原

【Abstract】 The broad and orderly political participation of citizens is the essential characteristics of the socialist democratic politics and an important part of promoting socialist political civilization and building a harmonious society. Women’s political participation, which is an important and basic way to achieve women’s civil rights, gender equality as well as ways of developing, is an important aspect of a nation’s political life. The extent and condition of women’s political participation is the symbol of women’s social status and the fact that women play a role in social issues. It’s also a measure of a people’s extent of women’s liberation and the scale of social progress and civilization. Most of our country’s population is in rural areas, while women account for more than half of the rural population. With the implementation of the 1988 "The People’s Republic of China Village Committee Organization Law (Trial)", villager autonomy in China gradually enters the legal track. Participating in village self-government becomes the main form of women’s political participation. With the vigorous process of rural self-government, women’s political participation is facing unprecedented challenges. There are many new features and issues emerging. As a result, the study of women’s political participation in rural areas in the new period is of special importance.This paper with the comprehensive application of the theory of political science, organizational behavior, sociology etc., taking Shandong Province as an example, combining survey and data analysis, studies the characteristics, obstacles and current situation of women’s political participation in rural areas since the implementation of "The People’s Republic of China Village Committee Organization Law (Trial)", suggests specific and feasible countermeasures to further enrich and develop the theory of civic political participation and issues concerning women. It helps promote rural women’s political participation, improve the social status of rural women, and help then play a better role in building a new socialist countryside.This article combining the use of system differential and qualitative analysis, quantitative, micro and macro analysis, analyses the political participation of rural women multi-perspectively. First of all, it explains the background, significance, research areas and status, and the framework of research ideas, the basic issues of the topic. Then, through a scientific statistical survey, it comprehensively analyses the current situation and characteristics of political participation of rural women in Shandong Province. Next, it analyses the constraints in rural women’s political participation mainly from four aspects, which are the shackles of the traditional political culture, the lack of regulatory policy system, the weakening of the function of women’s organization and the quality of women’s own. Finally, aiming at the problem existing, it proposes four measures, which are to create a good environment for the community, to formulate and introduce protective policies, to make women’s organizations of all levels to act to function and to strengthen the cultivation of teams of talents of rural women.Innovation point of this paper is that it uses scientific sampling and statistical methods, comprehensively analyzing the situation and characteristics of rural women’s political participation and putting forward realistic, workable countermeasures and suggestions; especially creatively proposing the way of rural Conference of Women Representative Election, making the study having more value of reference and application.Although the current level of political participation of women in China’s rural areas is not high, the awareness of the rights of rural women has already been awakened. It is believed that with the actively promoting of the relevant departments and the community, rural women’s political participation will certainly usher in a new spring.更多还原