【作者】 齐艳波；

【导师】 陈家付；

【作者基本信息】 山东大学 ， 思想政治教育， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 人格特质论(trait theory)是以特质概念为基础建立起来的一种人格理论,该理论把人格看作是由许多不同特质所构成,将特质视为人格的基本单位。一种特质就是一个人格维度,它是依据人们在某一特征上所表现出的程度而分类的。人格特质是人所共有的,但每个人的特质组合是千差万别的,这就形成了人与人之间的人格差异。特质(traits)被看作是个体的持久而稳定的行为倾向,使个体以相对一贯的方式对刺激作出反应。因此,对一个人的人格特质的了解,便可以预测其行为反应。本文在英国心理学家卡特尔的特质因素理论指导下,采用整群分层抽样的方法,使用一般情况调查问卷和卡特尔16项人格因素问卷(16PF),对292名医学本科生进行了问卷调查。结果显示：1、在性别、城镇或农村生源、是否获奖学金等方面不同的医学本科生考研结构存在显著差异。其中女生考研率高于男生。农村生源学生考研率高于城镇学生,得过奖学金学生考研率高于未得过奖学金学生；当过班干部的学生考研率高于未当过班干部的学生。2、考研成功和考研失败的医学生在人格特征方面有显著差异。考研成功学生在聪慧性、开放性、稳定性上的得分高于考研失败的学生,而在恃强性、紧张性、怀疑性、幻想性、世故性、忧虑性上的得分低于考研失败的学生。3、人格特质和在校表现均对医学生考研成败有一定的预测能力。采用因子分析法,得出的影响考研成功与否的主要因素依次是怀疑性、开放性、紧张性、敏感性、自律性、独立性、世故性、责任性、聪慧性、是否获奖学金和是否担任过学生干部,其他因素作用甚微。影响考研成功与否的主要因素为非智力因素。这提示我们,通过对参加考研学生的人格因素筛查,可以预测考研结果。及早对大学生人格因素中非智力因素进行塑造和培养,有利于提高学生的学习成绩和考研率。更多还原

【Abstract】 The trait theory is one kind of personality theory which takes the special characteristic concept as the foundation. This theory regards personality constituted by many different special characteristics, and regards the special characteristic as personality fundamental unit.One kind of special characteristic is a personality dimension, It is classifies based on the degree which people displays in some characteristic.The character trait is everyone has, everyone has the character trait, but the special characteristic combination of everyone is infinitely varied, this has formed the personality difference.The trait is regarded as is the individual lasting and stable behavior tendency, causes the individual to stimulating makes the response by the relatively consistent way. Therefore, the person’s understanding of character trait, then may forecast its behavior response.Under the British psychologist Cartel’s special characteristic factor theoretical guidance, this article uses the entire group stratified sampling the method, the questionnaire survey has been carried onto 292 medicine undergraduate students by using ordinary circumstances questionnaire and Cartel 16 items of personality factor questionnaire (16PF).Result demonstration:First, Exam results of medicine undergraduate students for postgraduate schools are difference in sex, cities or rural students, whether attains the scholarship and other aspect. The female student’s exam success ratio for postgraduate schools is higher than the male student. Rural student’s exam success ratio for postgraduate school is higher than the cities student’s. Exam success ratios of student obtained the scholarship and become class management for postgraduate schools are higher than other students.Second, there are remarkable difference in the personality characteristic aspect between successful medicine students in exams for postgraduate schools and defeat students. The successful students are higher than defeat students in intelligent and in open and stable score, but are lower than defeat student in insisting, tension, skeptical, imaginable, suave and anxious score.Third, the character trait and performance in the school has certain predictive ability to medicine students in exams for postgraduate schools.Uses the factor analytic method, the primary influence factor about success in exams for postgraduate schools in turn is skeptical, openness, tension, sensitivity, automatic rhythmicity, independence, suave, accountability and intelligent, whether attains the scholarship and whether has been the student management, other factor functions are small.The primary influence factor about success in exams for postgraduate schools is non-intelligence factor.This prompts us, through to participating in personality factor screening of exams for postgraduate schools student, may forecast the exams for postgraduate schools result.Carries on the mold and raise early to the university student personality Non-intelligence factor is advantageous in improving student’s academic record and success in exams for postgraduate schools.更多还原