【作者】 孙红燕；

【导师】 阎平；

【作者基本信息】 石河子大学 ， 植物学， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 喀喇昆仑山位于西昆仑山与西北喜马拉雅山之间,山脉呈现西北一东南走向,为我国与克什米尔地区的界山,平均海拔近5000m。中国境内主要包括新疆的塔什库尔干、叶城、皮山、和田四县的南部高山和西藏阿里地区日土县的西北部高山。本文对该区的菊科植物进行了系统的分类学研究,在此基础上分析其物种多样性,包括属、种特性,生活型及植物区系地理成分特点等,并对其资源进行归类与评价。研究表明：中国喀喇昆仑山菊科植物有25属91种4变种,分别占中国菊科植物属、种数的10.7%和4.2％,其中该区新记录种7种,西藏新记录种1种。该区菊科植物多种属种数多,有51种,占总种数的56.0%,在本区菊科植物区系中占有明显的主导地位；寡种属和单种属共21属,占总属数的84.0%,在属级水平上表现明显优势。该区菊科植物特有现象不明显,有中国帕米尔、喀喇昆仑山特有种2种,中国青藏高原特有种2种,昆仑山特有种2种,新疆特有种1种,中国帕米尔、喀喇昆仑山仅分布种6种,中国新疆仅分布种25种,中国西藏仅分布种1种,中国青藏高原、喜马拉雅、昆仑山、帕米尔仅分布种19种。该区菊科植物生活型以地面芽植物为主,有72种,占总种数的79.1%。该区菊科植物区系地理成分复杂,有8个分布区类型和4个变型,植物区系具有明显的温带性质,温带分布或含温带分布的属有18属76种,分别占总属数的72.0%和总种数的83.5%。与相邻的区域比较,中国喀喇昆仑山菊科植物区系与中国帕米尔联系紧密,属、种的相似性系数分别为69.4%和46.5%,与东西马拉雅属的相似性系数为16.1%,植物区系相对较为疏远。该区菊科植物资源比较丰富,许多植物在药用、观赏、饲用、食用等方面具有重要价值。本文对中国喀喇昆仑山地区的物种多样性研究、植物资源合理利用与保护提供了基础科学资料。更多还原

【Abstract】 The Karakorum mountains are situated between the north of West Kunlun mountains and the northwest of Himalayan mountains, in northwest and southeast directions, they are boundary mountains between China and Kashmir, the average altitude is about 5000m. Karakorum mountains in China contains the south of high moutains of four counties in Xingjiang, they are Tashkorgan, Yecheng, Pishan and Hetian repectively, and the northwest of Ritu county in the Ali Region of Tibet. In the paper, we systematically studied taxonomy of Compositae plants, on its basis species diversity was analysed which including the trait of genera and species, life form and flora constitution character and so on. At the end the resource was apprasied and classfied. The research indicated that:About 25 genera,91 species and 4 variaties of Compositae plant were recorded to occur in the Karakorum Mountains of China, repectively accounting for 10.7% of genera and 4.2% of species in Compositae in China. Among them, there are 7 new species on Karakorum Mountains of China and lnew species in Xizang.On the level of species, monotypic genera of Compositae in this area is in the ascendant, there are 51 species with an accounting for 56.0% of total species. On the level of genera, the percentage of genera with single species and few species is the largest with an accounting for 84.0% of total genus number.The endemic phenomenon was not obvious,2 species are endemic to this area and Pamirs of China,2 species are endemic to Qinghai-Xizang Plateau of China,2 species are endemic to Kunlun Mountains,1 species is endemic to Xingjiang,6 species only distribute in this area and Pamirs of China,25 species only distribute in Xinjiang of China and 1 species only distribute in Xizang of China,19 species only distribute in Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, Himalayan, Kunlun mountains and Pamirs of China. The 79.1% of species of Compositae in this area are Hemicryptophyte, and therefore they are the dominating components in the plant life form spectrum in this area.The composition of flora of Compositae was very complex in this area. The genera of Compositae were distributed to 8 areal-types and 4 variable. The temperate quality was obvious. The temperate quality was obvious, there are 18 generas and 76 species with an accounting for 72.0% in total genera and 83.5% in total species. The relations of flora in Karakorum mountains in China are closer with that in the Pamirs of China, their similarity coefficients of genera and species are 69.4% and 46.5% respectively, but weaker with that in Eastern Himalaya, their similarity coefficients of genera are 16.1%.Compositae plant resources were rich in the area, many species had important value in medicine、viewing and admiring feeding. The article provided basic science information for lucubrating how to protect biology diversity and utilize plant resource in the Karakorum mountains of China.更多还原