物探方法在云南公路深埋长隧道地质勘察中的应用研究

【作者】 赵会会；

【导师】 李文尧；

【作者基本信息】 昆明理工大学 ， 地质工程， 2009， 硕士

【摘要】 在云南省高速公路建设中,深埋长隧道日益增多,传统工程地质勘察手段仅通过地表观测分析深部的地质情况,再辅以少量钻探验证,这种工作方法获取的资料难以满足深埋长隧道设计和施工的需要。而物探方法能进行连续观测,获得丰富的地电信息,可以在短时间内、低成本、高质量的完成隧道地质勘察任务。云南省公路规划设计院20多年来积累了许多隧道勘察资料,但未做过系统研究,本文期望通过对这些隧道勘察资料的研究,为公路隧道地质勘察提供一种快速有效的物探方法,从而提高隧道地质勘察质量、缩短勘探周期、节约地勘费用。考虑到物探方法的探测深度和在隧道勘察应用中的有效性,本文选择了电测深法、瞬变电磁法(TEM)、可控源音频大地电磁法(CSAMT)、高频大地电磁法(EH4)、地震折射波法和地震反射波法进行物探方法在深埋长隧道地质勘察中的应用研究。本文首先从理论的角度分析了这些物探方法能否应用于深埋长隧道地层岩性、地质构造、地下水和围岩类别勘察,通过对隧道地层岩性、地质构造、地下水和围岩类别的常见物性(电阻率和纵波速)、异常特征的总结,和对物探方法主要影响因素的分析,认为多数隧道地质问题具备应用物探方法勘察的物性基础,虽然物探观测结果受诸多因素干扰,但是大部分干扰可以被克服,物探方法可以获得有效的异常。然后本文选取六个典型的隧道勘察实例,对电测深法、TEM、CSAMT、EH4、地震折射波法和地震反射波法在隧道地层岩性、地质构造、地下水和围岩类别勘察中的效果进行分析,分析表明电测深法、TEM、CSAMT、EH4、地震折射波法和地震反射波法可以解决大多数隧道地层岩性、地质构造、地下水和围岩类别勘察问题。通过应用可行性研究和实例分析,结合本人研究20多个隧道勘察资料所获得的认识,总结了深埋长隧道地层岩性、地质构造、地下水和围岩类别勘察的有效物探方法和方法组合,以及有效的野外工作方法、资料处理和解释方法。更多还原

【Abstract】 In the construction of Yunnan highway, the deep-lying long tunnels is increasing day by day. The traditional engineering geological Investigation acquire geological data, by observing the surface geology to infer the deep geology and disposing some drilling to verified the deep geology, But the geological data acquired by the traditional engineering geological investigation is difficult to meet the need of deep-lying long tunnels. On the contrary, the geophysical methods can detect geophysical Field continuously and get a lot of geophysical information, it can finish the geological survey of the deep-lying long tunnels more quickly economically. About 20 years’tunnels exploration data have been collected by Highway planning, survey and design institute of Yunnan province, but the data have not been studied systematically. The paper want to conclude a quick and efficient geophysical methods, through studying tunnels exploration data, to enhance the tunnel geological survey quality, shorten the exploration cycle, save on expense.To consider from the exploration depth of geophysical methods and the effectiveness in the application of the tunnel exploration, I study the application of the geological method in deep-lying long tunnels, by choosing the electrical sounding method, TEM, CSAMT, EH4, seismic refraction method and seismic reflection method in this paper.First of all, I analyse whether the geophysical methods can be applied to the exploration of formation lithology, geological structure, groundwater, and surrounding rock classification in deep-lying long tunnels from a theoretical point. through summarizing the common geophysical characteristics(electrical resistivity and seismic P-wave velocity) and the characteristic of abnormal response of formation lithology, geological structure, groundwater, and Surrounding Rock Classification, and analysising the main factors on geophysical methods, I concluded that most geological problems in deep-lying long tunnels can be solved by geophysical methods, although the results of geophysical observations can be interfered by many factors, but most interference can be overcome, geophysical methods can be unusually effective.And then I select six typical examples about the tunnel exploration to analysis the effectiveness of the electrical sounding method, TEM, CSAMT, EH4, seismic refraction method and seismic reflection method in the exploration of formation lithology, geological structure, groundwater, and Surrounding Rock Classification in deep-lying long tunnels. The prospecting effect show that the electrical sounding method, TEM, CSAMT, EH4, seismic refraction method and seismic reflection method can solve the most problems of formation lithology, geological structure, groundwater, and Surrounding Rock Classification in deep-lying long tunnels.Through the application of the feasibility study and case analysis, combined with the knowledge acquired form about 20 tunnels exploration data, I sum up the effective geophysical method and the effective method of field work, data processing and interpretation in the exploration of formation lithology, geological structure, groundwater, and Surrounding Rock Classification in deep-lying long tunnels.更多还原