行政复议与行政诉讼受案范围的衔接

【作者】 尤春保；

【导师】 周云；

【作者基本信息】 昆明理工大学 ， 环境与资源保护法， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 行政复议和行政诉讼是我国两种最重要的行政救济制度,它们在保护行政相对人的权益和控制行政权方面各有优长,两者在解决行政争议过程中各自发挥着不可替代的作用。行政复议是行政系统内部纠错机制,解决一些专业性的争议更具优势。行政诉讼属于行政系统之外的司法机关解决行政争议的程序,属于司法救济的性质,是国家司法机关行使审判权的行为。作为司法程序,行政诉讼遵循严格的诉讼程序,能公开、公正地解决行政争议,有利于增强裁决的公信力。笔者赞同行政复议应有独立的地位,也认为现行行政复议制度适度的司法化是必要的,但反对将行政复议纳入行政诉讼实现两制度合一的观点。抽象行政行为与具体行政的划分是我国行政法中最重要的对行政行为的分类,我国行政复议与行政诉讼的受案范围都采用了具体行政行为的标准。尽管对如何确定具体行政行为存在争议,但在《行政复议法》和《行政诉讼法》作出修改前,这对分类还是处于行政复议和行政诉讼受案范围的基础地位。我国《行政复议法》将部分抽象行政行为纳入了受案范围,行政诉讼则完全不能受理有关抽象行政行为的案件。《行政复议法》和《行政诉讼法》虽然都以具体行政行为作为受案范围的标准,但两者关于受理具体行政行为引起的争议范围存在着差异。行政复议所保护的权益范围要大于行政诉讼的权益范围,行政诉讼保护的权益范围限于人身权、财产权,而行政复议保护的权益范围是合法权益。行政复议和行政诉讼的受案范围也会因为两者的程序衔接不畅而实际导致一部分行政争议只能进行复议而不能进入诉讼程序。行政复议与行政诉讼的受案范围的衔接必须遵守限制权力保护权利的原则。限制权力是为了保证权力的行使能始终以保护公民的权利为目的,而保护权利是公民的权利在受到行政权力的侵犯时能获得公正、有效的解决。由于行政权力的不断扩张,所以行政复议和行政诉讼的受案范围也应做相应的扩大,以实现对权力运行的监督。行政复议和行政诉讼两者在限制权力和保护公民权益的过程中应能发挥各自的优势,而不是相互削弱其功能。关于行政复议和行政诉讼的受案范围的确定必须保证公民权利在受到侵害时能有相应的救济途径,即实现对公民权利的无漏洞保护。本文对行政复议与行政诉讼的受案范围提出了一些具体思考,也提供了实现两者受案范围衔接的一些具体路径。笔者认为应将规章以下抽象行政行为纳入行政诉讼的受案范围,行政复议对抽象行政行为的审查范围也应扩大。行政诉讼应将保护的权益范围扩大至行政复议法规定的合法权益。行政复议终局的程序衔接模式也应取消。对内部行政行为是否要纳入行政复议和行政诉讼的受案范围要作具体分析。更多还原

【Abstract】 Administrative Reconsideration and Administrative Procedure are the most important administrative redress systems. They both have advantages in protecting the rights of the administrative counterpart and controlling the executive power. They both play an irreplaceable role in solving the process of the administrative disputes respectively. Administrative Reconsideration is a kind of internal system of correcting error, which has more advantages to solve some professional disputes. Administrative Procedure is a kind of action that judicial department exercises its power of judge, which belongs to a kind of procedure that judicial department solves administrative disputes out of the administrative system, and it owns a character of judicial redress. As a kind of judicial procedure, Administrative Procedure keeps strict procedure, which can solve administrative dispute openly and fair, and can strengthen the public credibility for the finding. I agree with the independent station for the administrative reconsideration, and it is necessary for administrative reconsideration to be judicialization appropriately. But I argue against the point of view that we can put the administrative reconsideration into administrative procedure in order to make them become one system.The abstract administrative acts and the specific administrative acts are both the most important sort in our administrative law. The standard of specific administrative acts is adopted by the scope of receive certain cases in administrative reconsideration and administrative procedure. Although there is a dispute about how to confirm the specific administrative acts, this kind of sort has the basic status before modifying the Administrative Reconsideration Law and the Administrative Procedure Law. Administrative Reconsideration Law put some of the abstract administrative acts into the scope of receive cases, but the Administrative Procedure Law could not Although the Administrative Reconsideration Law and the Administrative Procedure Law both use specific administrative acts as a standard for the scope of receive cases, there still exists some dispute about the scope of accepting the specific administrative act. The scope of rights and interests which administrative procedure can protect is more than administrative reconsideration. The scope of administrative procedure is limited to the personal rights and property rights, while administrative reconsideration protects the lawful rights and interests. Because of the hindered procedure between this two kind procedures, which leads to a result that a part of the administrative disputes only enter into administrative reconsideration but can not into administrative procedure.It must follow two principles of limiting powers and protecting the rights when we join the scope of accepting cases between administrative reconsideration and administrative procedure. Limiting powers can guarantee that when we use power, we can protect citizens’rights all the while, and the aim of protecting powers is that we can solve the problem fairly and effectively when the citizens’rights are hurt. The scope of administrative reconsideration and administrative procedure should be expanded due to the expansion of the administrative power, which can carry out the surveillance of power. The administrative reconsideration and administrative procedure should both bring their own advantages rather than the weakness in the proceeding of limiting powers and protecting citizens’rights. We must ensure that the scope of accepting cases can make certain ways when citizens’rights are hurt, that is to say to protect citizens’rights completely.I will give some specific thinking about the scope of administrative reconsideration and administrative procedure, and offer the measurement of connecting the two procedures together in my paper. I think we should make some abstract administrative acts which are under the list of regulation enter into the scope of administrative procedure. It also should be expanded the scope of administrative reconsideration. The scope of administrative procedure should expand to the scope of administrative reconsideration’s rights and interests. The mode that there will be no ways for administrative reconsideration in some cases should be canceled. We will make analysis whether internal administrative acts should be included into the scope of administrative reconsideration and administrative procedure.更多还原