云南文山壮族背带造型与装饰研究

【作者】 孙敏娜；

【导师】 李纶；

【作者基本信息】 昆明理工大学 ， 设计艺术学， 2009， 硕士

【摘要】 本文以云南省文山州的壮族背带为研究对象,根据云南文山独特的历史文化、地理环境和风俗习惯,概述了文山壮族背带的造型特点、结构式样、工艺技法、装饰纹样等。这些特征都明显区别于其它少数民族的背带,浓聚着文山壮族自身的特色。本文阐述了背带历史和社会风俗,着重分析了文山壮族背带的造型和装饰工艺特征。首先,对背带进行概述,并界定其概念,在传统的背带概述基础上丰富了背带的内涵；其次,通过分析文山壮族背带同云南文山当地的风俗礼仪的密切关系,从背带的历史起源、《背带歌》风俗和背带所包含的社会风俗文化等详细的阐述了背带在风俗礼仪中的地位和重要作用；第三,在文山壮族背带的造型中,笔者从背带结构的各个组成部分逐个分析,并根据背带主片式样分类,总结绘制了云南文山壮族背带式样表格图。根据文山壮族的风俗将背带的结构分为六个部分,背带口、背带心、背带柱子、背带手(包括背带口袋)、背带屁股、背带尾巴。根据背带主片式样分类,将文山壮族背带分为8种类型。简要概述了背带的背法,认为三角形的背带主片和宽大奇长的背带手是文山壮族背带不同于西南各族背带的显著特征；第四,进一步分析了文山壮族背带的制作工艺,根据文山壮族的传统分类将工艺分为织锦、绣锦和染色三个部分。将背带的背带主片的制作工艺归为织锦和绣锦,背带手部分归为染色,并介绍了各个工艺的历史来源、制作特征；第五,文山壮族背带的装饰纹样有非常深厚的历史起源,通过对传统“莱瓦”(各类美术作品的统称)的了解,将文山壮族背带的吉祥纹样分为三类：动物纹样、植物纹样、非生物纹样。其中动物纹样主要分析了鸟纹样、鱼纹样、青蛙和蛇纹样,并追溯其历史来源,将几千年前的岩画图案和铜鼓上的图案同背带的纹样进行比对,证实了背带上的鸟、鱼、青蛙和蛇纹样的历史起源和传承,同时也同壮族传统的观念想呼应,如公母观。因而总结出云南文山壮族背带中装饰纹样的历史根据、意义和内涵。第六,对背带的装饰物件和主要色彩——红色,做了简要的概述。最后,总结文山壮族背带的特点,指出文山壮族背带的三重身份,背带既是产品的身份,又是服饰的身份,同时又是艺术品的身份。更多还原

【Abstract】 Wenshan Zhuang Baby Carrier of Yunnan Province, as the research object in this paper. According to Yunnan Wenshan’s unique history, culture, geography and customs, an overview is given to Wenshan Zhuang Baby Carrier’s shape characteristics, structure, style, craft techniques, decorative patterns and so on. Wenshan Zhuang Baby Carrier’s characteristics are obviously different from the other ethnic minorities Baby Carriers, and has its irreplaceable characteristics. This paper describes the history and social customs of the Baby Carrier, focusing on analysis of Wenshan Zhuang Baby Carrier’s characteristics of shape and decoration.Firstly, giving an overview of Baby Carrier and defining its concept, enriching the traditional Baby Carrier Baby’s connotation; Secondly, analysing Yunnan Wenshan Zhuang Baby Carrier’s local customs and the close relationship between rituals and the historical origin, describing the Baby Carrier’s position in the customs and rituals and its important role by expatiating from " Baby Carrier song "customs and Baby Carrier’s details from the social customs and culture; Thirdly, on the Wenshan Zhuang Baby Carrier’s shape, the author analysises of the various components one by one, in accordance with the main piece Baby Carrier’s style classification from the Baby Carrier structure, summarizing Yunnan Wenshan Zhuang Baby Carrier’s style table. According to the custom of Wenshan Zhuang Baby Carrier’s structure, Baby Carrier is divided into six parts. There are Baby Carrier mouth, Baby Carrier heart, Baby Carrier columns, Baby Carrier hands (including the Baby Carrier pocket), Baby Carrier buttock, Baby Carrier tail. According to the main piece of Baby Carrier’s style classification, it is divided into 8 types of Wenshan Zhuang Baby Carriers. A brief overview of Baby Carrier on the using method, analysising the main Baby Carrier’s triangular piece and long Baby Carrier hand, which is quite different from the southwest minorities, comparing with Wenshan Zhuang Baby Carrier’s all salient features; Fourth, further analysing the Wenshan Zhuang Baby Carrier’s production process, according to traditional classification of Wenshan Zhuang Baby Carrier’s production process, it is divided into:brocade, embroidery and dyeing three parts. Baby Carrier’s main piece and its production process are classified as brocade and embroidered. Baby Carrier hand is classified as dyeing, and describing the historical origin of the various producing processes. Fifth, Wenshan Zhuang Baby Carrier’s decorative patterns has a very deep historical origins, through the traditional "Laiva" (all kinds of art works), we can understand the Wenshan Zhuang Baby Carrier’s decorative patterns are divided into three categories:animal patterns, plant patterns, non-biological patterns. Animal patterns which mainly analyzes the patterns of birds patterns, fish patterns, frogs and snakes patterns, which are tracing its historical source. Not only comparing rock art of thousands of years ago and patterns on the bronze drums with the Baby Carrier’s patterns, in order to confirm the Baby Carrier’s patterns of origin and inherit on the birds, fish, frogs and snakes patterns, but also making the traditional idea of Zhuang Baby Carrier to echo, such as the concept of male and female of Zhuang. Thus, concluding Yunnan Wenshan Zhuang Baby Carrier’s historical basis, significance and meaning of decorative patterns. In addition, making a brief overview on decorative objects of Baby Carrier and the main colors-red. Finally, to sum up the characteristics of Wenshan Zhuang Baby Carrier’s features, the triple identity of its production identity, clothing identity, as well as the art identity.更多还原