情绪因素对工作记忆影响的实验研究

【作者】 程理英；

【导师】 李媛；

【作者基本信息】 电子科技大学 ， 应用心理学， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 情绪和记忆的研究是情绪与认知研究中的一个重要领域,情绪性的记忆对个体的成长、行为、知觉、信念、目标,甚至自我和心理健康状况都有很大相关性,因而一直是心理学家研究的热点问题。以往研究发现情绪因素的存在确实对记忆产生影响,但有的研究发现情绪阻碍记忆,而另一些研究发现情绪促进记忆,况且己有研究往往重视负性情绪记忆的研究,忽略了正性情绪记忆,研究的视野也主要置于情绪唤醒上,忽视了情绪效价的作用。面对这些情况,本文对记忆活动中存在的情绪因素进行分析,从情绪内容和情绪状态两个方面入手,操控情绪的效价和唤醒两个维度,采用记忆研究的学习-再认范式,对情绪因素对工作记忆的影响进行了系统的研究。实证部分包括两个研究:研究一:情绪内容的研究。采取“学习-再认范式”,被试无情绪唤醒,直接对不同效价(正性、负性)、不同唤醒度(高唤醒、低唤醒)以及中性识记材料进行学习识记任务,通过对各种材料的识记成绩的统计分析来考察情绪内容的效价(正性/负性/中性)和唤醒强度(高/低)对工作记忆效果的影响。结果发现:情绪词间,唤醒度对工作记忆效果起决定作用;情绪词与中性词间,效价起决定作用。研究二:情绪状态的研究。采取“学习-再认范式”,将被试分成三组,分别进行正性唤醒、负性唤醒、不唤醒三种方式,通过三组不同情绪状态下的识记结果,探讨情绪状态对工作记忆效果的影响。结果发现:负性的情绪状态阻碍了工作记忆的效果,而过高的情绪唤醒也会阻碍工作记忆效果,适度的情绪唤醒可有效提高记忆效果。本论文的研究将记忆活动中的情绪因素进行具体剖析,从情绪内容和情绪状态两个角度来分别探讨情绪效价和唤醒水平对工作记忆影响的规律,为研究情绪与记忆关系开辟了一个新的思路和方法,为我们早日发现情绪记忆的规律提供了线索,具有积极的意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 The study of Emotion and Memory is one of the key domains of emotion and cognitive research. Emotional memory related with many topics such as individual development, behavior, perception, believes, goals, self-concept, and mental health. Previous studies believe that the emotion really affect memory. However, some of them think the emotion impede the memory, another consider the emotion promote the memory. And , negative emotional memory and emotional arousal levels were emphasized but positive one and valence emotional were not. In this Paper,we manipulate emotional arousal levels and emotional valence to explore the influence of emotion on memory from emotional content and emotional state. Two studies were in our data collection part.Experiment 1: The study of emotional content. Using the“study-recall”canonical form, the experimenters study and remember the words different in valence (positive/negative) and arousal levels (high/low) without emotional arousal. Then we statistic the memory record to find how the valence (positive/negative)and arousal levels (high/low) of emotional content affect the working memory. As result, the arousal level is determinant in emotional words; the valence is determinant between the emotional and neutral ones.Experiment 2: The study of emotional state. Using“study-recall”canonical form, the experimenters are divided in three groups with positive arousal, negative arousal and no arousal. Through the memory records of the three groups different in emotional state, we can judge how the emotional states affect the working memory. As result, negative emotional state and emotional arousal will impede the working memory, but the moderate emotional arousal will promote the memory record.We divide the emotional factor into emotional content and emotional state, and explore the effect on working memory in arousal level and valence separately. It has positive significance to develop a new method to study the relationship between emotion and memory, and clues to founding the rules of emotional memory. Keywords: emotional content, emotional state, valence, arousal level更多还原