【作者】 张翠玲；

【导师】 池涌； 马增益；

【作者基本信息】 浙江大学 ， 能源环境工程， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 随着中国经济的高速发展以及工业化和城市化进程的加快,能源资源匮乏和能源大量消耗带来的环境问题越来越突出,已经成为制约经济和社会发展的主要因素。为此,提高能源效率、改善能源结构、保障能源持续、稳定、安全供应,成为当前最重要的工作之一。为了实现国家能源发展战略,国家采取了多种宏观政策,其中对重点用能企业进行能源审计就是政策之一。能源审计是一种专业性审计活动,是审计单位依据国家有关的节能法规和标准,对企业和其他用能单位能源利用的物理过程和财务过程进行检验、核查和分析评价。能源审计在一定程度上促进了企业节能,但它尚处于探索完善阶段,在审计原理、方法上还有进一步改进的空间。(?)分析是以系统的有效能为研究对象,从能量质的角度来评价一个设备或热力过程的完善程度,不仅表明能量转换的结果,而且可以确切揭示能量损失的部位、数量以及损失的原因从而采取相应的节能措施。在现有的理论研究中,很少有对能源审计方法进行深入分析和改进的研究,尤其是基于有效能的分析。对此,本文提出了将(?)分析理论应用于能源审计的设想,并对此进行了分析和应用方法研究,主要工作及意义如下：(1)整合各类用能设备的(?)分析方法,并将其转化为能源审计过程中便于利用的形式。主要是针对能源审计中常用的用能单元建立(?)分析框架,建立(?)分析在能源审计中的基本概念。(2)创建企业“(?)网络图”的分析方法,将企业(?)量的流向以网络图的形式展现出来,比能源网络图更好的阐述企业用能系统情况,为查找薄弱环节提供参考。(3)建立以(?)效率为基础,(?)经济学为理论依据的节能评价标准。从经济和节能两方面综合考虑,使能源审计的评价体系更加完善。(4)对典型用能系统的能源利用进行(?)分析及优化。本文选择污泥和煤混合燃烧这一典型的用能系统进行(?)分析,从而为审计过程中的(?)分析提供参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the high speed development of economic and the acceleration of industrialization and urbanization in China, energy crisis and environment pollution caused by energy consumption become more and more severe. It has been the major factor to prevent the development of economic and the society. To improve the energy using efficiency, optimize the energy structure and make sure the energy supply safely and stably will be the most important issue.To achieve the energy development strategy, the government has adopted several macro-polices. Energy audit is one of these polices. It is a professional process that auditors check the enterprises operation including both physical and financial aspects. To a certain extent, energy audit pushes the enterprise to save energy. Whereas, energy audit is on the elementary stage;the theory and the method of energy audit has large room to improve.Exergy analysis is a method to estimate the energy system through the exergy theory. This method not only discloses the quantity of the energy losing but also the quality of the energy and the reason why energy loses. Base on this analysis, corresponding measure can be adopted to save energy. In nowadays, few studies are on the energy audit and how to improve the audit method, especially the exergy analysis. In this paper, the thought of using exergy theory into energy audit was put forward. And the study on the exergy analysis and application method was conducted. The main work is as below:(1) Study on the exergy analysis methods of different facilities and translate them to the form that can be easy used in energy audit. It mainly aims to establish the frame for the common sections and the basic concept of the exergy analysis.(2)Establish the "Exergy network chart" method to show how exergy stream flows through the network chart. This method will be better to analysis the energy system and more easily to find the weak point than the energy network chart method.(3)Set new project evaluated standard based on the thermo-economics and exergy theory. This standard will be more integrity as it considers both economic aspect and physical aspect.(4) The classical energy system was optimized based on the exergy analysis. In this paper the sewage sludge and coal co-combustion power generation system was studied to give some references to the utilization in the exergy audit.更多还原