【作者】 宋伟杰；

【导师】 刘洪来；

【作者基本信息】 华东理工大学 ， 物理化学， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 三次采油技术发展的关键是开发能够提高驱油效率的驱油液,通常情况下提高驱油效率最有效、可行的方法是降低驱油液与原油间的界面张力。偶联表面活性剂是一类新型表面活性剂,它由联接基团将两个相同或相近的双亲组分在极性基团处或距极性基团很近的烷烃链上相连接而成,与传统的单头基单尾链表面活性剂相比,偶联表面活性剂不但具有低得多的临界胶束浓度而且具有较高的表面活性。离子液体是由阴、阳离子组成,常温附近呈液态的盐类,其阳离子中大多含有咪唑环、吡啶环头基和一个相对较长的烷基链,这种结构决定了它具有一定的双亲性,长链的离子液体具有优于传统表面活性剂的表面活性。我们设想将二者结合形成复配溶液,利用复配体系的协同效应进一步提高溶液表面活性,以满足驱油液的性能要求。更重要的是,偶联表面活性剂和离子液体分子结构都具有可调性,能够通过适当调节二者结构控制其复配体系的界面及体相性能,因此,含有偶联表面活性剂及离子液体的复配系统有望成为一种新型、高效的驱油体系。然而,到目前为止尚未有这些方面研究的文献报道。本文探索偶联表面活性剂和离子液体新型复配体系在三次采油中的潜在应用,首先研究离子液体对表面活性剂溶液性质的影响。研究结果表明,少量离子液体的加入就可以大幅度提高表面活性剂的溶解性能,起到助溶剂的作用；离子液体可与表面活性剂之间产生明显的协同效应,少量离子液体的加入即可以使油水界面张力比不含离子液体的体系降低一个数量级以上；同时,离子液体可以改变表面活性剂溶液的胶束形貌,进而改变表面活性剂溶液的表观粘度。此外,本文也探讨了离子液体对含聚合物体系粘度的影响,系统研究了离子液体种类、浓度及传统的无机盐类对油水界面性质的影响,探索其影响规律,为开发新型、高效的驱油体系提供基础数据和理论指导。更多还原

【Abstract】 The key of enhanced oil recovery (EOR) technology development is to explore the flooding which can improve the oil displacement efficiency, normally the most effective and feasible method to increase oil displacement efficiency is to reduce interfacial tension between the flooding and crude oil. The Gemini surfactants are a new type of surfactants, they are made up of two amphiphilic moieties connected at the level of the head groups or very close to the head groups by a spacer group, compared with single chain surfactants, Gemini surfactants possess much lower critical micelle concentration and higher surface activity. Ionic liquids are composed of anions and cations, they exist as salts near normal temperature, their cations mostly contain imidazole ring, pyridine ring head groups and relatively long alkyl chains, and the structures determine that they have certain amphiphilic properties, the surface activity of long chain ionic liquids is better than that of conventional surfactants. We assume to combine them to form a mixed solution, using the synergy effect to further improve the surface activity to meet the performance requirements of flooding. More importantly, the molecular structures of Gemini surfactants and ionic liquids are adjustable, the interfacial and bulk characters can be controlled through adjusting the structure of both surfactants, therefore, the mixed system of containing Gemini surfactants and ionic liquids is expected to become a new and efficient flooding system. However, so far, there is no corresponding research on this aspect.This paper explores the potential applications of the mixed system of Gemini surfactants and ionic liquids in EOR, firstly, the influence of ionic liquids on surfactant solutions is studied. The results show that the addition of a few of ionic liquids can improve the solubility of surfactants dramatically, acting as the co-solvent; ionic liquids can cooperate with the surfactants, the addition of a few of ionic liquids can reduce the water-oil interfacial tension above a magnitude than that of system without ionic liquids; At the same time, ionic liquids can alter the micelle morphology to change the apparent viscosity of mixed solutions. In addition, this paper also discusses the influence of ionic liquids on the system which contains polymer, studies the influence of the type and concentration of ionic liquids and conventional salts on water-oil interfacial properties, explores the influence rule to provide basic data and the theoretical guidance for the development of new type of oil displacement systems with high efficiency.更多还原