【作者】 张蓓；

【导师】 徐心茹；

【作者基本信息】 华东理工大学 ， 油气储运工程， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 近年来国内外油田为提高采油率实施了各种原油增产措施。随着化学驱、蒸汽驱等强化采油技术的应用,油田采出水成分变得更加复杂。聚合物/表面活性剂二元复合驱作为一种重要的采油技术,具有驱油效率高的显著特点,但是近年来二元复合驱驱油用新型化学品的应用和原油劣质化导致采出水乳化严重。论文针对高驱油剂浓度条件下聚合物/表面活性剂二元复合驱采出水破乳开展研究,论文具有重要的意义。本文考察了驱油剂浓度对原油单驱和复合驱采出水稳定性的影响；分析了微波、超声波及气浮强化传质方法对二元复合驱采出水的破乳效果；合成了新型的BH系列絮凝剂,考察其对二元复合驱采出水的脱油效果并采用红外光谱对效果最好的BH-3进行了分子结构表征。研究结果表明：不同类型的破乳剂评选中ZU-4和HB-913具有较好效果。采用超声波-热沉降组合、微波-热沉降组合及热沉降-气浮组合法用于二元复合驱采出水(聚合物和表面活性剂均为800 mg/L)分离特性研究。热沉降过程加入100 mg/L的ZU-4,在超声波时间为10 min、功率100 W及频率40 KHz的条件下可达到90.7%的脱油率；在微波时间60s、微波功率800 W的条件下可达到91.1%的脱油率。以聚硅酸与不同的铝盐和铁盐为原料合成BH系列絮凝剂,其中BH-3效果最好。采用红外光谱对BH-3进行表征说明：Fe和A1羟合物交叉共聚的作用加强,BH-3中铝离子、铁离子及水解络合铝离子、铁离子可与共存的聚硅酸起络合作用生成铁铝硅聚合物。二元复合驱采出水加入100 mg/L的HB-913热沉降120 min,然后气浮30 min,气浮时加入100 mg/L和200 mg/L的BH-3可使水中油含量从2500mg/L分别降至89.8 mg/L和71.0 mg/L,脱油率分别达到96.4%和97.2%。BH-3中S042-通过氢键将共聚体连接起来增大了聚合度,具有聚硅酸粘结聚集、吸附架桥效能及铝盐和铁盐电中和能力强的特点。更多还原

【Abstract】 In order to enhance oil recovery of oilfields, various measures have been adopted to increase the production domestic and overseas in recent years. With the use of Chemical flooding, Steam flooding and other enhanced oil recovery technologies, oil field produced water composition become more complex. As an important oil recovery technology, SP flooding has the significant characteristic of high oil displacement efficiency. However, due to the use of chemicals during SP flooding and the poor quality of crude oil, produced water becomes more difficult to demulsified. The study has great significance because much research have been done to improve the efficiency of demulsification of SP flooding produced water under high oil displacement agent concentration. The influences of polymer and surfactant on the stability of polymer flooding, suifactant flooding and SP flooding produced water were investigated in this study. The demulsification efficiencies of microwave, ultrasonic and flotation methods of enhancing mass transfer of SP flooding produced water were analysised. A new type of flocculants of BH series were synthesized and then the demulsification efficiencies were studied and finally the molecular structure of BH-3 which performed best was obeserved using infrared spectrum.The selection results of different demulsifiers showed that HB-913 and ZU-4 performed better than any other demulsifiers. Using ultrasonic-thermal settlement, microwave-thermal settlement and thermal settlement-flotation combination methods to study the separation characteristics of SP flooding produced water(polymer and surfactant concentration are 800 mg/L). Under the condition that ZU-4 dosage was 100 mg/L, sedimentation time was 120 min, ultrasonic time was 10 min, power was 100 W and frequency was 40 KHz, the oil removal rate of SP flooding produced water can reach 90.7%. And under the condition that microwave time was 60 s, power was 800 W, the removal rate can reach 91.1%.BH series were prepared by introducing inorganic aluminum salt and/or iron salt into polysilic acid.Within all BH series of flocculants, BH-3 performed best. The infrared spectrum showed that Al3+, Fe3+, hydroxyl aluminum ion, hydroxyl ferric ion and polysilicic acid ion can be chelated and produce new polymer. Under the same condition that HB-913 dosage was 100 mg/L, sedimentation time was 120 min,and flotation time was 30 min, change the dosage of BH-3,when the dosage were 100 mg/L and 200 mg/L,the removal rate can come up to 96.4% and 97.2% respectively.SO42- in BH-3 can increase the degree of polymerization by linking the copolymer using hydrogen bonds.更多还原