【作者】 韦小艳；

【导师】 郑艳；

【作者基本信息】 安徽师范大学 ， 植物学， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 牡丹(Paeonia suffruticosa)为毛茛科(Ranunculaceae)芍药属(Paeonia)植物,是常用中药材牡丹皮基原。目前对牡丹的研究主要集中在栽培、化学成分和药理药效等方面,鲜有根际土壤微生物方面的报道。本文从微生态学角度,以产自安徽省铜陵地区(包括南陵丫山)、山东省菏泽地区的牡丹根际微生物为研究对象,采用碱解离、酸性品红染色法、湿筛沉淀法等方法探明牡丹根际土壤中丛枝菌根真菌种类及组成特点,为丰富我国真菌资源库、揭示中药材地道性与土壤微生物之间的关系提供科学依据。主要研究结果如下:1采收期牡丹根际丛枝菌根真菌情况1.1三个产区的牡丹都能与丛枝菌根真菌形成共生体,丛枝菌根的结构均为Arum型。不同的产区牡丹根际土壤中丛枝菌根真菌浸染率存在着差异,其值由高到低依次为:铜陵、南陵、菏泽。1.2从三个产区一共分离鉴定出5属33种丛枝菌根真菌,球囊霉属(Glomus) 21种,无梗囊霉属(Acaulospora)7种,盾巨孢囊霉属(Scutellospora)3种,巨孢囊霉属(Gigaspora)1种,内养囊霉属(Entrophospora)1种。1.3三个产区的牡丹根际土壤中丛枝菌根真菌属、种的组成有差异,其中球囊霉属、无梗囊霉属为优势菌群,巨孢囊霉属、盾巨孢囊霉属、内养囊霉属的孢子仅从铜陵和南陵产区分离得到。南陵丫山牡丹园牡丹根际土壤中丛枝菌根真菌种类最多,其次是铜陵凤凰山牡丹园,山东菏泽曹州牡丹园丛枝菌根真菌种类最少。统计结果表明三个产区牡丹根际土壤中丛枝菌根真菌种的丰富度、孢子密度、多样性指数、均匀度等存在差异。1.4牡丹根际土壤中丛枝菌根真菌与土壤因子之间存在一定的相关性。丛枝菌根真菌的菌丝定殖率、总定殖率与土壤有机质、氮显著正相关;孢子密度、丛枝定殖率、泡囊定殖率与土壤钾显著负相关。1.5铜陵和南陵两产区牡丹根际土壤中丛枝菌根真菌的种类、数量、菌根浸染率均明显高于菏泽产区,丛枝菌根真菌资源相对较为丰富,丛枝菌根真菌可能是凤丹地道性的影响因素之一。2.非采收期牡丹根际土壤中丛枝菌根真菌情况2.1三个产区的牡丹根际土壤中丛枝菌根真菌浸染率存在差异,其值由高到低依次为:南陵、铜陵、菏泽。2.2从三个产区一共分离鉴定出5属15种丛枝菌根真菌,球囊霉属(Glomus) 9种,无梗囊霉属(Acaulospora)3种,盾巨孢囊霉属(Scutellospora)1种,巨孢囊霉属(Gigaspora)1种,内养囊霉属(Entrophospora)1种。2.3三个产区的牡丹根际土壤中的丛枝菌根真菌属、种的组成有差异,其中球囊霉属和无梗囊霉属为优势菌群,盾巨孢囊霉属、巨孢囊霉属、内养囊霉属的孢子仅从铜陵和南陵两产区分离得到。南陵丫山牡丹园牡丹根际土壤中丛枝菌根真菌种类最多,其次是铜陵凤凰山牡丹园,山东菏泽曹州牡丹园丛枝菌根真菌种类最少。统计结果表明三个产区牡丹根际土壤中丛枝菌根真菌种的丰富度、孢子密度、多样性指数、均匀度等存在差异。2.4牡丹根际丛枝菌根真菌与土壤因子之间也存在一定的相关性。丛枝菌根真菌菌丝定殖率、总定殖率与土壤有机质、氮显著正相关;孢子密度、丛枝定殖率、泡囊定殖率与土壤钾显著负相关。2.5铜陵、南陵两产区的牡丹根际丛枝菌根真菌的种类、数量、菌根浸染率均明显高于菏泽产区,丛枝菌根真菌资源相对较为丰富。更多还原

【Abstract】 Paeonia Suffruticosa is a kind of common used traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). The plant belonging to Paeonia in family Ranunculaceae is the botanical origi of the medicine. At present, reports have been mainly focused on the effects of physical and chemical property of soil on the growth of Paeonia Suffruticosa. Little attention had been paid to the roles of soil microbes which would be extremely favorable for plant growth.In order to inrich resource base in China fungus and provide the characteristics and composition of arbuscular mycorrhizas fungi, and to provide a scientific basis for researching the relationship between the rhizosphere soil microbes and geo-authentic feature of genuine Traditional Chinese Crude Drugs from the perspective of microbial ecology. In this study, Investigations had been carried out on soil microbes of the rhizosphere soil of Paeonia Suffruticosa from Tongling, Anhui province (including yashan Nanling) and Heze, Shandong Province. Alkaline lysising and acid fuchusin stain were used in the study. Spores and sporocarps of arbuscular mycorrhizas fungi were isolated from the rhizosphere soil of by wet-sieving.The Main results of research were as follows:1. Arbuscular mycorrhizas fungi in rhizospheresoil of paeonia suffruticosa from different areas during the harvest time1.1 Paeonia Suffruticosa grown in three different areas all formed the good symbiosis relations with the AM fungi. Olny Arum-type was found in all roots. In the three areas, the colonization of AM fungi from high to low was Tongling, Nanling and Heze. Besides, the results showed that versicular and hyphae of AM fungi had different colonization.1.2 33 species arbuscular mycorrhizas belong were separated and identified from the soil.There were 21 species from genus and 7 from Acaulospora and 3 from Scutellospora and 1 from Gigaspora and 1 from Entrophospora.1.3 The composition and distribution of AM fungi species were different in three areas. Glomus and Acaulospora were the dominant genera. Entrophospora and Scutellospora and Gigaspora were just found in Tongling and Nanling. The amount of AM fungi species in Nanling area was the largest , followed in Tongling and the least was Heze. According to statistics analysis, richness of AMF species, the spore density and the diversity indexes were different in three areas. 1.4 Soil facters had a corelationship with the AM fungi. Organic matter and total N of soil had a significiant corelationship with the hyphae colonization and total colonization. Total K of soil was noncorelation with spore density and arbuscular colonization and versicular colonization.1.5 The species and quantity of AM fungi and hyphae colonization in the rhizosphere of Paeonia Suffruticosa in Tongling and Nanling were relatively higher than the other areas. AM fungi resource was abundant in the rhizosphere soil of Paeonia Suffruticosa in Tongling and Nanling. The association of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi with plant roots maybe one of facters of the geo-authentic feature of Paeonia Suffruticosa.2 The feature of arbuscular mycorrhizas fungi in rhizospheresoil of paeonia suffruticosa from three areas in the non-harvest time2.1 Paeonia Suffruticosa grown in three different areas all formed the good symbiosis relations with the AM fungi. Olny Arum-type was found in all roots. In three areas, the colonization of AM fungi from high to low was Nanling, Tongling, Heze. Besides, the results showed that versicular and hyphae of AM fungi had different colonization.2.2 16 species of arbuscular mycorrhizas were separated and identified from the soil. There were 9 species from genus and 3 from Acaulospora and 1 from Scutellospora and 1 from Gigaspora and 1 from Entrophospora.2.3 The composition and distribution of AM fungi species were different in three areas. Glomus and Acaulospora were the dominant genera. Entrophospora and Scutellospora and Gigaspora were just found in Tongling and Nanling. The amount of AM fungi species in Nanling area was the largest, followed in Tongling and the least was Heze. According to statistics analysis, richness of AMF species, the spore density and the diversity indexes were different in three areas.2.4 Soil facters had a corelationship with the AM fungi. Organic matter and total N of soil had a significiant corelationship with the hyphae colonization and total colonization. Total K of soil was noncorelation with spore density and arbuscular colonization and versicular colonization.2.5 The species and quantity of AM fungi and hyphae colonization in the rhizosphere of Paeonia Suffruticosa in Tongling and Nanling were relatively higher than Heze of Shangdong province. The amount of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi were relatively abundant in the rhizosphere of Paeonia Suffruticosa.更多还原