【作者】 谢辉；

【导师】 李疆；

【作者基本信息】 新疆农业大学 ， 果树学， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 本研究以库尔勒香梨芽变品系、矮化砧木和库尔勒香梨为材料,研究了香梨芽变品系的生长结果特性、果实品质、抗寒能力、10个授粉品种对库尔勒香梨的花粉直感作用以及矮化中间砧对芽变9号的影响。结果如下：1.在沙01、沙02、沙03、芽变6号与芽变9号5个库尔勒香梨芽变品系中,芽变9号的采收期比香梨早20d、萼部没有突起、果个大,平均单果重为152.37g、Vc含量丰富,每百克鲜重达18.24mg；果实内含有11种氨基酸,含量为103.568mg/100g FW,其中包含3种人体所必需的氨基酸,占氨基酸总量的14.3%,芳香物质含量高,香味浓郁,可以作为库尔勒香梨的一个优良芽变品系进行推广2.以巴梨作为授粉品种的库尔勒香梨坐果率最低,只有25.49%,用其它9个品种进行授粉的坐果率都在60%以上。综合比较,以砀山梨、苹果梨和81-15-10作为授粉品种的库尔勒香梨的果个大、优等果的比例高,商品性明显好于其它6个授粉品种。以苹果梨授粉的库尔勒香梨平均单果重最高,达112.31g,砀山梨授粉的商品率最高,达88%；81-15-10授粉的还原糖和Vc含量最高；早酥授粉的可滴定酸含量最高；砀山梨授粉的可溶性糖含量最高；巴梨授粉的石细胞含量最低；81-15-10的氨基酸含量最高,达131.801mg/100g FW,砀山梨的芳香物质含量最大。砀山梨、苹果梨和81-15-10可以作为库尔勒香梨的授粉树进行配置。3.以S2矮化砧木作为中间砧的芽变9号表现出株高降低,冠幅变小,新梢基部增粗的特点,当中间砧长度为36-40cm时矮化效果最好。S2和S5两种矮化中间砧使芽变9号果个增大、淀粉含量增加、石细胞含量降低,均具有明显作用,而且还能提早结果1-2年。4.以S2和S5为中间砧的芽变9号的半致死温度低于其他几个芽变品系,分别为-23.5℃和-23.3℃。在-22℃时,以S2为中间砧的可溶性糖含量最高,以S5为中间砧的脯氨酸和可溶性蛋白含量最高,丙二醛含量最低。综合几个指标,矮化砧木S2、S5能够增加库尔勒香梨芽变9号的抗寒性。更多还原

【Abstract】 Taking the Bud-sports strain of Korla fragrant pear, dwarf rootstocks and Korla fragrant pear as the materials, the growth and fruits set characteristics, fruit qualities and cold hardiness of Bud-sport strains, the xenia function of 10 pollinated varieties on Korla fragrant pear and effects of middle-dwarfed rootstocks on Bud-sport 9 have been studied. The main results can be summarized as follows.1. Among the five Bud-sport strains:Sha01, ShaO2, ShaO3, Bud-sport 6, Bud-sport 9, Bud-sport9 which has no enation on fruits’calyculus and the single fruit weight is 152.37 g, harvests 20 days earlier than Korla fragrant pear. It has abundant Vc content of 18.24mg/100g and 11 amino acids, including 3 essential amino acids, which take 14.3% of the total amino acids. The Bud-sport 9 with high fragrance content are suitable for publicity as a kind of excellent Bud-sport strains.2. The pollination study indicates that the fruits set rate reaches to the lowest level of 25.49% when taking Bali as the pollinizer, but the others’fruits set are over 60%. Korla fragrant pears which were pollinated by Dangshanli, Pingguoli and 81-15-10 showed better business characters such as big fruit size and high fruit quality. The single pear weight can reach to 112.31g when pollinated by Pingguoli, the commercial rate can reach to 88% and the soluble sugar and fragrant substance content can reach to the highest when pollinated by Dangshanli, the revertose, Vc and amino acids content are highest when pollinated by 81-15-10, the titratable acid content is highest when pollinated by Zaosu, the stone cell content is lowest when pollinated by Bali. The Dangshanli, Pingguoli and 81-15-10 can be configured as the pollinizer.3. Taking the S2 dwarf rootstock as the middle rootstocks, Bud-sport 9 appears lower height, smaller crown and bigger diameter of the basal fresh branch, especially when the length of S2 is about 36 to 40cm. The S2 and S5 dwarf rootstock have the effects of increasing the fruits size and amylum content, reducing the stone cell content, and also can shorten the juvenile period for 1 to 2 years.4. Taking the S2 and S5 as the middle rootstocks, the LT50 of Bud-sport 9, which are-23.5℃and-23.3℃separately, are lower than other Bud-sport strains. When treated at-22℃, the soluble sugar content are highest when grafted with S2, the proline and soluble protein content are highest with the MDA content is lowest when grafted with S5. It concludes that dwarf rootstock S2 and S5 can increase the cold hardiness ability of Bud-sport 9.更多还原