【作者】 郭璇；

【导师】 余雄；

【作者基本信息】 新疆农业大学 ， 动物营养与饲料科学， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 目的:通过给绵羊饲喂含不同比例的棉籽壳日粮,分析研究其饮水量、排尿量及水代谢的变化,并合理选用一种利尿添加剂为减少尿结石症发病率提供参考依据。方法:本试验共由三个部分组成。试验一:分析棉籽壳对羊饮水量、排尿量及相关指标的影响。试验二:通过测定调控机体水代谢的激素含量、血清和尿中的离子含量,分析棉籽壳对羊水代谢变化的原因。试验三:合理选用一种利尿添加剂,从而降低棉籽壳对羊排尿量的影响。结果:试验一试验期间羊的饮水量第4期比第1期减少了13.11%,差异不显著（P>0.05）;排尿量第4期比第1期减少了63.02%,差异极显著（P<0.01）;鲜粪量第4期比第1期增加了42.86%,差异极显著（P<0.01）。经计算得出,尿中干物质含量第4期比第1期减少了46.38%,差异显著（P<0.05）;粪中水分第4期比第1期增加了0.32kg/d,差异极显著（P<0.01）;试验羊机体排出水分占摄入水分的含量前3期变化不大,但到了第4期比值有所下降,与第1期相差最大即下降24.06%,差异不显著（P>0.05）。试验二羊血清中第4期抗利尿激素的水平是第1期的2.29倍（P<0.01）;促肾上腺皮质激素第4期的水平比第1期高47.02%（P<0.01）;皮质酮水平从第2期开始逐期下降,第4期比第1期降低54.34%,差异极显著（P<0.01）;乙酰胆碱、肾上腺素、去甲肾上腺素、醛固酮、肾素、血管紧张素Ⅱ、生长激素、降钙素、心钠素水平无显著性变化,差异均不显著（P>0.05）。血清中Na⁺、Cl^-、K⁺、P浓度呈上升趋势,差异显著或极显著（P<0.05或P<0.01）;Mg²⁺浓度有所下降,其中第4期比第1期减少28.83%,差异极显著（P<0.01）;Ca²⁺浓度无显著性变化（P>0.05）。尿中P浓度有所上升,第4期比第1期高出21.67%,差异极显著（P<0.01）;Na⁺、Cl^-、K⁺、Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺浓度均有所下降（P<0.01）。试验三给每只羊每天投放350mg GY^-01后,羊饮水量比对照期增加了60.14%,排尿量达到对照期的2.67倍,差异均极显著（P<0.01）;血清中抗利尿激素水平比对照期降低32.59%,差异显著（P<0.05）;促肾上腺皮质激素水平比对照期上升81.93%,差异极显著（P<0.01）。血清中K⁺、P浓度分别比对照期升高了28.04%（P<0.05）、39.39%（P<0.01）。结论:试验一给体重约为40kg的绵羊饲喂棉籽壳,随着日粮中棉籽壳的增加,试验羊饮水量变化不大;排尿量显著减少;机体通过粪便排出水分的含量增多;尿中干物质含量减少;机体水分潴留量变化不大。试验二随着棉籽壳添加量的增加,血清中抗利尿激素、促肾上腺皮质激素水平升高,皮质酮水平下降。血清中Na⁺、Cl^-、K⁺、P浓度升高,Mg²⁺浓度下降,Ca²⁺浓度无明显变化。尿中P浓度上升,Na⁺、Cl^-、K⁺、Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺浓度下降。根据本结果得出:饲喂棉籽壳影响机体的水分代谢是通过调节血清中抗利尿激素、促肾上腺皮质激素、皮质酮水平而起作用。试验三建议在每只羊的日粮中添加200mgGY-01可提高棉籽壳饲喂绵羊的利尿效果。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective: To study the effect of cottonseed hulls on Drinking, Urination and water metabolism in sheep.Diuretics can be better used and urolithiasis can be reduced in sheep by the experiment provided reference.Provide reference for reducing urolithiasis by chooseing an appropriate diuretic.Method:.This experiment components three trials.In trialⅠ,analyzed the effect of different cottonseed hull contents on drinking water,urinary output and other parameters.In trialⅡ, studied the effects on water metabolism by feeding the sheep with cottonseed hulls and the reasons.In trialⅢ,choose a diuretic appropriately to reduce the effect of cottonseed hulls on urination.Results: TrialⅠ: The drinking of tested sheep in the 4th declined by 13.11% （P<0.01） compared with the 1st period,The urination of tested sheep in the 4th declined by 63.02% （P<0.01） compared with the 1st period. The fresh fecal content in the 4th period increased by 42.86% compared with that of 1st period sheep,the difference was extremely significant（P<0.01）. By statistical results, the dry matter content in urination of 4th period sheep was less than 1st period by 46.38%.The water in exerement was increased gradulally,that of 4th period sheep was increased by 0.32kg/d compared with that of 1st period sheep, the difference was extremely significant（P<0.01）. Water discharged from the tested sheep had little change in early three periods,but decreased in 4th period,which has the biggest difference with 1st period,but was not signigicant （P>0.05）.TrialⅡ: The content of antidiuretic hormone of the sheep in the fourth period was 2.29 times than the first period with an extremely significant difference （P<0.01）. The content of adrenocorticotropic hormone of the sheep in the fourth period increased by 47.02% compared with that of 1st period sheep,the difference was extremely significant（P<0.01）. The content of corticosterone of the sheep in the fourth period decreased by 54.34% compared with that of 1st period sheep,the difference was extremely significant（P<0.01）. However, there were no significant effects （P>0.05） on the contents of the acetylcholine, adrenaline, noradrenaline, aldosterone, rennin, angiotensinⅡ, growth hormone, calcitonin, atrial natriuretic peptide. In serum of the sheep, the concentrations of Na⁺, Cl^-, K⁺, P increased after the cottonseed hulls were fed （P<0.05, P<0.01）, while the concentration of Mg²⁺ decreased, where it’s concentration of the first period decreased by 28.83% compared with that of the fourth period, with extremely significant difference （P<0.01）. There was no significant change （P> 0.05） in the concentration of Ca²⁺. In the urine of fed sheep, the P content in the fourth period increased 21.67% compared to the first one in which the difference was extremely significant （P<0.01）. The contents of Na⁺, Cl^-, K⁺, Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ all decreased （P<0.01）.TrialⅢ: After 350mg GY^-01 was supplemented, the water drinking amount of each sheep had an increase of 60.14% compared with that of the sheep in the control period and the urination volume was 2.67 times of that of the latter, and the differences were both significant （P <0.01）. The antidiuretic hormone declined by 32.59% compared with that of the sheep in the control period with the significant difference （P <0.05）. The adrenocorticotropic hormone content increased by 81.93% compared with that of the sheep in the control period and the difference was significant （P <0.01）. An increase of 28.04% （P <0.05） and 39.39% （P <0.01） was found in the contents of serum potassium and phosphorus respectively compared with that of sheep in the control period.Conclusions: TrialⅠ: Duing the four periods,the level of drinking of the sheep had little change with the increasing of the feeding contents of cottonseed hull.The urination of sheep declined extremely.The water in exerement was increased.The dry matter content in nutrnation was decreased.Water discharged had little change.TrialⅡ: In the serum of sheep fed with cotton seed hulls, the antidiuretic hormone and adrenocorticotropic hormone levels rised, while the corticosterone level decreased. The contents of Na⁺、Cl^-、K⁺and P increased while that of Mg²⁺ decreased, and Ca²⁺ showed no significant change in serum. In urine, P content increased, while the contents of Na⁺、Cl^-、K⁺, Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺ decreased, resulting in extremely significant reduction in sheep urinary output.To conclude,water metabolism could be influenced by feeding cottonseed hulls through adjust antidiuretic hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone and corticosterone hormone.TrialⅢ:Suggest to add 200mg GY^-01 in daily feeding of each sheep could increase the effectiveness of diuresis by feeding cottonseed hulls.更多还原