【作者】 洪亚军；

【导师】 朱应平；

【作者基本信息】 华东政法大学 ， 法律， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 村级集体经济组织是一个生产资料集体所有制的经济组织。合作性、地域性和综合性是其突出特点。作为社会主义公有制在农村的重要实现形式,它最早产生于上个世纪50年代初的产业合作化运动,经历了形成发展、改革调整、发展完善和稳定创新四个阶段。我国在1954年、1975年、1978年和1982年先后制定和修改的四部宪法中,均涉及到农村集体经济组织及所有权的规定,确认合作社所有制是我国主要的生产资料所有制,实现了土地从私有逐步向集体公有的过渡,在当时的历史条件下促进了农村经济的发展。但由于宪法保护并不十分有力,也走过不少弯路,确认的人民公社“三级所有、队为基础”的经营体制,妨碍了农业生产力的发展。随后,在1988年、1993年、1999年和2004年宪法的四次修订中,村级集体经济组织的生产经营方式不断创新,由家庭联产承包责任制发展到“统分结合”的双层经营体制,充分调动了广大农民的积极性、创造性,在引导农民走共同富裕道路,建设社会主义新农村中发挥了不可替代的作用。然而,由于宪法和法律规定对村级集体经济组织的地位及权属关系规定模糊、成员资格界定不清,该组织往往处于“名存实亡”的境地,其独立性和自主权得不到保障。在实践中,随着市场经济的发展,运作经营机制和管理约束机制的缺乏,也使得个别地方的村级集体经济组织异化为村干部化公为私、中饱私囊,损害农户利益的组织,引发出各种深层次的社会矛盾。基于此,本文提出首先应当完善宪法和法律法规,对有关条文进行修改,明确村级集体经济组织独立的法律主体地位;其次,按照宪法制定专门的《村级集体经济组织法》,具体指导村级集体经济组织的管理运行。在条件成熟的地方探索实行股份合作制改革,通过折股量化,明晰产权,调动农民股东的积极性,增强集体经济的凝聚力和向心力;再次,借鉴浙江省关于村级集体经济组织的立法,要求各地进行探索实践,以期进一步丰富和深化村集体经济所有制理论;最后,提出完善保护村级集体经济组织合法权益的救济制度,加强对村级集体经济组织的行政、司法保护,从而为新农村建设的推进提供全面和完善的法制保障。更多还原

【Abstract】 The village collective economic organization is a collective economic organization of the means of production. Cooperation, regionalism and comprehensiveness are its outstanding features. As an important realization of the Socialist public ownership in the countryside, it originated from the industrial co-operative movement in the early 1950 and underwent the four stages of formation and development reform and adjustment, development and perfection and stabilization and innovation. Our country has enacted and amended the constitution in 1954, 1975, 1978 and 1982. All of them are related to the rural collective economic organization and the provisions of ownership, confirmed that cooperative ownership is the ownership of China’s major means of production, and achieved the ownership of the land from private to collective. They also promoted the rural economic development at that historical condition. However, due to constitutional protection is not very powerful, but also through a lot of detours, it’s confirmation of the commune of operating system "all three levels, team-based" hindered the development of agricultural productivity. After that, the constitution was amended in 1988, 1993, 1999 and 2004. Because of incessant innovation of the village collective economic organization of production and management methods which was from the household contract responsibility system to the two-tier management system by the combination, it fully mobilized the farmers’enthusiasm and creativity, guided the farmers to take the path of prosperity, played an irreplaceable role to build a new socialist countryside. However, because the provisions of the Constitution and the law to status of the village collective economic organizations and ownership is fuzzy and the definition of membership is the vague, it is frequently in the "name only" position and its independence and autonomy can not be guaranteed. In practice, due to the lack of restraint mechanism of the market economy development, operation and management of the operating mechanism, which made the individual parts of the village collective economic organization become the organizations of village cadres turning the public property to private and damaging the interests of the organization of farmers, the organization leaded to a variety of deep-rooted social conflict. Based on this, we should firstly improve the Constitution and the laws and regulations, modify the relevant provisions, and be explicit about the independent legal entity status of the village collective economic organizations. Secondly, we should enact a special "village collective economic organizations Law" based on the Constitution, which can specifically conduct the management and operation of the village collective economic organizations. We should explore the implementation of cooperative shares system reform where conditions permitted and aroused the enthusiasm of farmer shareholders and enhanced the cohesion and solidarity of collective economy through shares quantified and property rights clarified. Another more, we should learn from the Zhejiang Province Legislation about the village collective economic organization and ask various regions to explore and practice, so that it can further enrich and deepen the ownership theory of collective economic. At last, we should put forward a Relief System which can improve protecting the legitimate rights and interests of the village collective economic organizations and strengthen the administrative and judicial protection of village collective economic organizations. Then, it can provide comprehensive protection legal system to promote the construction of new countryside.更多还原