【作者】 张英；

【导师】 吴承祯； 何东进；

【作者基本信息】 福建农林大学 ， 生态学， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 随着生态科学的发展和人类住区可持续发展战略的不断实践和创新,人们对生态住宅与可持续发展住宅内涵的理解不断深化,建设生态住宅的要求正在被专家和广大群众所接受,并逐渐成为人们关注的焦点,为此,许多国家纷纷制定出台了与之有关的评估体系、技术规范等,用以促进生态住宅健康、快速发展。本文首先介绍了生态住宅的起源及其在国内外的实践,提出生态住宅应该做到3个方面：一是绿色生态住宅的自然性,即要处理好建筑与周边环境的关系,适应当地的生态规律,依托自然为基础,突出小区的绿色生态特色,而不是简单的生搬硬造；二是绿色生态住宅的经济性,在建设过程中充分考虑成本效益比,因地制宜,避免过多人工造就的绿色生态景观；三是绿色生态健康住宅的社会性,讲究人与建筑、自然的和谐统一。然后本文从天人合一观、有机自然观和藏风聚气观3个方面简单介绍了中国古代的生态住宅观。本文从生产领域、流通领域和消费领域3个方面分析了我国现阶段住宅建设概况,并从能源和资源利用、温室气体排放、土地资源和环境污染4个方面讨论了现阶段住宅建设对环境的影响。对国内外生态住宅的含义进行了辨析,从物质和文化2个方面对生态住宅进行了界定,提出生态住宅包括充分利用自然资源、因地制宜规划设计、减轻住区环境污染、注重居住舒适性能、合理选用绿色建材、创造绿色景观环境6个方面的要素。最后根据科学性原则、前瞻性、引导性原则和系统性、全面性原则,建立了生态住宅和生态住宅小区的评价指标体系,并结合福州江南水都生态住宅小区实例,运用该评价指标体系进行了评价与分析,提出了福州市生态住宅的标准。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the development of Ecological Science and the constant practice and innovations of the sustainable development of human habitation, our understanding of eco-houses and houses of sustainable development goes deeper and deeper and the request to build eco-houses has been accepted by experts and the general public and become the focus of attention in a gradual way. Therefore, relevant appraisal systems and technical standards have already been stipulated in many countries in order to promote the healthy and rapid development of eco-houses.This paper initially gives an introduction to the origin of eco-houses and the practices at home and abroad, and then puts forward three goals to be achieved in building eco-houses:Firstly, the natural quality of green eco-house, that is, the coordination of buildings themselves and their surroundings. They should be suited and adapted to the eco-rules of the locality and based on nature. The green eco-features of the compound should be fore grounded but not the rigid copying from other models. Secondly, economy of green eco-houses. Costs and benefits should be taken into serious considerations in the construction. The original landscape should be well incorporated so as to avoid too much artificial green eco-landscape. Thirdly, the social features of green eco-and-healthy houses. Harmony and unification in between human beings, architecture, and nature should be elaborated.This paper gives a brief introduction to the eco-housing views in ancient China from three Views:Harmony between Man and Nature, Organic Nature, and Fengshui.An analysis is made in this paper of the present stage overview of the housing construction in China from three domains:namely, production, circulation, and consumption. A discussion is also given on the impact of the present-day housing construction on the environment from four perspectives:use of energy and resources, GHGs emission, land resources, and environmental pollution.Differentiation is made of the definitions of eco-houses at home and abroad. A new definition is given of eco-houses in terms of both physical and cultural aspects. It is pointed out that eco-houses involve the following 6 major elements:full use of natural resources, strategizing and designing based and capitalizing on the original layout, ease of environmental pollution in the compound, focusing on comforts in habitation, rational selection of environment-friendly building materials, and the creation of green landscape.Finally, in light of the Scientific Principle, Forward-looking and Guidance Principle and Systematic and Comprehensive Principle, an Appraisal Index System is built for eco-houses and eco-housing compounds. A case study is made of Fuzhou Jiangnan Watertown Eco-housing Compound while employing the Appraisal Index System for assessments and analyses so that the standards for eco-houses in Fuzhou are provided accordingly.更多还原